我国幼儿园教师权益保障状况及对其职业压力的影响——基于全国18个城市的调查

The Protection of Kindergarten Teachers’Rights and Interests in China and Its Impact on Their Occupational Stress Based on the Survey of 18 Cities in China

权益保障对幼儿园教师队伍建设至关重要,也是影响教师职业压力的重要因素之一。采用问卷调查法,对全国东、中、西部11个省份18个城市的16253名幼儿园教师的待遇权益和专业权益保障状况及对其职业压力的影响进行考察。结果发现:幼儿园教师"五险一金"仍缺乏保障,同工同酬尚未实现;国家级培训机会依然不足,职称评聘难度大;幼儿园教师权益保障在城乡、办园体制、编制类型、教师学历上存在显著差异;幼儿园教师权益保障与其职业压力呈显著负相关,且能负向预测职业压力。因此,应关心不同教师群体的需求,保障幼儿园教师应有的合法权益;加快落实幼儿园教师的待遇权益和专业权益保障,缓解教师职业压力。

The protection of rights and interests is very important to the construction of kindergarten teacher team,and it is also one of the important factors affecting the teachers’occupational stress.A questionnaire survey has been conducted to investigate the protection of the material benefits of 16253 kindergarten teachers in 18 cities in 11 provinces in the eastern,central,and western parts of China,as well as the protection of their professional rights and interests and their impact on their occupational stress.The results show that"social insurance and housing fund"for kindergarten teachers have still lacked guarantees,and equal pay for equal work has not yet been realized;that national-level training opportunities are still insufficient,and it is difficult for them to be promoted in professional titles;that there are significant differences in the protection of kindergarten teachers’rights and interests between the urban area and rural area,the public kindergarten and private kindergarten,different types and academic qualifications of teachers;and that the protection of kindergarten teachers’rights and interests is negatively related to the occupational stress which can be negatively predicted.Therefore,enough attention should be paid to the needs of different teacher groups to protect the legitimate rights and interests of kindergarten teachers;and the implementation of the protection of the material benefits and professional rights and interests of kindergarten teachers should be sped up to alleviate the occupational stress of teachers.