德英两国现代大学制度确立的逻辑分析--以柏林大学、牛津和剑桥大学为例

A Logical Analysis of the Establishment of Modern University System in Britain and Germany

柏林大学模式在19世纪后半期引发了关于科学研究的"世界运动",而其后建立的现代化大学并不是柏林大学模式的简单复制。通过对柏林大学与牛津大学、剑桥大学的个案研究,探寻英德现代化大学制度演进的逻辑;并将德国现代化大学制度演进逻辑概括为以科研为中心的政府内生型制度逻辑,将英国现代化大学制度演进逻辑概括为以教学为中心的传统内生型制度逻辑。最后,分析英德现代大学制度演进逻辑迥异的原因并得出其历史启示。

The University of Berlin model quickly triggered a "worldwide movement" on scientific research in the second half of the 19th century, and the modern university that was later established was not a simple copy of the model. Through the comparative study of the University of Berlin with Oxford University and Cambridge University, the logic of the evolution of the modern university system in Britain and Germany is explored. The logic of the modern university system evolution in Germany is summarized as the government endogenous institutional logic centered on scientific research, and the evolutionary logic of the modern university system in the United Kingdom is summarized as the traditional endogenous institutional logic centered on teaching. Finally, we analyzed the reasons and enlightenment of the different logics of the evolution of modern British and German university system.