日光温室嫁接黄瓜硅钙优化施肥方案

Optimization of silicon and calcium fertilization in grafted cucumber in solar-greenhouse

【目的】硅和钙在促进作物矿质元素吸收、提高产量及改善风味品质等方面发挥积极作用。本研究旨在探讨日光温室黄瓜硅、钙适宜施用量,为提高黄瓜产量和品质提供理论依据和技术指导。【方法】以‘津优’35号为试材进行了日光温室黄瓜小区试验。在相同氮磷钾用量和施用方法下,采用二因子饱和D-最优设计,设6个不同硅、钙配施处理,随水分4次施入。调查分析黄瓜产量与品质,并建立以SiO2、CaO用量为变量因子,以黄瓜产量与品质为目标函数的二元二次多项式数学模型。【结果】SiO2(X1)、CaO(X2)用量与黄瓜产量Yy的回归方程为Yy=108455.82+80.27X1+138.91X2–0.15X1^2–0.40X2^2–0.05X1X2,与黄瓜品质Yq之间的回归方程为Yq=64.113+0.116X1+0.237X2–2.167E-04X1^2–5.552E-04X2^2–1.741E-04X1X2。X1的偏回归系数分别为80.27和0.12,明显小于X2的偏回归系数138.91和0.24,表明硅肥对黄瓜产量和品质的影响小于钙肥。当SiO2、CaO用量分别为240和159 kg/hm^2时,黄瓜产量达到最高;SiO2、CaO施用量为195和183 kg/hm^2时,黄瓜品质综合评分最高。【结论】本试验条件下,实现日光温室黄瓜高产优质栽培的硅、钙施肥方案为SiO2195~240 kg/hm^2、CaO 159~183 kg/hm^2,硅钙配比为1∶0.78。

【Objectives】Silicon(Si)is beneficial to mineral element absorption,yield and flavor quality of crops.The optimum amount of Si and Ca application in cucumber cultivated in solar-greenhouse was studied to provide a technical guidance for to improve the yield and quality of cucumber.【Methods】Microplot experiment was conducted inside solar-greenhouse,the used cucumber cultivar was‘Jinyou35’,all the treatments were applied the same amount of NPK fertilizers.Using double saturated D-optimal design,6 treatments containing different Si and Ca rates were setup,and the Si and Ca fertilizer were applied with drip irrigation evenly in four times.The yield and quality of cucumber were investigated.A mathematical model for the optimization was established using SiO2 and CaO amounts as the independent variables,and the yield and quality of cucumber as objective function.【Results】The regression of Si O2(X1)and Ca O(X2)amount with cucumber yield(Yy)was:Yy=108455.82+80.27 X1+138.91 X2-0.15 X1^2-0.40 X2^2-0.05 X1X2,and that with cucumber quality(Yq)was:Yq=64.113+0.116 X1+0.237 X2-2.167 E-04 X1^2-5.552 E-04 X2^2-1.741 E-04 X1X2.In the two formulas,the partial regression coefficient for X1 was 80.27 and 0.12,which were significantly lower than those for X2(138.91 and 0.24),indicating that Si has less effect on cucumber yield and quality than Ca.The SiO2 and CaO amounts for the maximum cucumber yield are 240 kg/hm^2 and 159 kg/hm^2,while those for the highest quality grade are 195 kg/hm^2 and 183 kg/hm^2.【Conclusion】Under the tested conditions,the optimum combination is SiO2195–240 kg/hm^2,and CaO 159–183 kg/hm^2,with the suitable ratio of SiO2∶CaO at 1∶0.78.