鄱阳湖区反嘴鹬种群数量动态与空间分布格局

Population Trend and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Wintering Recurvirostra avosetta in Poyang Lakes,China

2002—2015年,采用同步调查法对鄱阳湖区反嘴鹬(Recurvirostra avosetta)越冬种群数量动态与空间分布格局进行了监测。结果表明:鄱阳湖区分布有稳定的反嘴鹬越冬种群,年平均数量为(16684±14653)只,2004年、2005年、2013年种群数量均超过目前其全球数量的10%,2004年冬季鄱阳湖区越冬反嘴鹬数量达到最大值,为47520只。鄱阳湖区共有70个湖泊记录到反嘴鹬,其中反嘴鹬种群数量达到全球1%以上的湖泊有20个。每年冬季鄱阳湖区反嘴鹬集中分布在常湖、蚌湖、花庙湖和下坝湖,而反嘴鹬利用频次最高的是大湖池,每年反嘴鹬的越冬数量为(1819±1593)只。各湖泊中反嘴鹬的年平均数量与利用频次之间不存在显著相关性。自然保护区涵盖了反嘴鹬在鄱阳湖越冬的主要湖泊,分布在保护区内的反嘴鹬种群占鄱阳湖区越冬总数量的(75.3±26.0)%,但仍有很多重要的湖泊没有被纳入到保护区范围。反嘴鹬对保护区内湖泊的利用频次与保护区外湖泊的利用频次不存在显著性差异,保护区内反嘴鹬的种群数量显著大于保护区外。

In 2002-2015,population dynamics and spatial distributions of wintering pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta at Poyang Lakes was investigated by synchronous survey.The stable wintering population of pied avocet was distributed in Poyang Lakes and the annual average number was 16684±14653.The population sizes were more than 10%of its global population in 2004,2005 and 2013.The largest population size was found in 2004,with 47520.A total of 70 lakes at Poyang Lakes were used by wintering pied avocet.There were 20 lakes with more than 1%of its global population.The wintering pied avocet population in Poyang Lakes mainly concentrated on Changhu,Banghu,Huamiaohu and Xiabahu every year.Dahuchi was used most frequently by pied avocet with an average of 1819±1593.There was no significant correlation between the average annual population size and use frequency of pied avocet in these lakes.Natural reserves covered the main lakes important for wintering pied avocet,with 75.3%±26%of pied avocet population.However,there were still many important lakes outside natural reserves.There was no significant difference between the use frequency by pied avocet in lakes inside and outside nature reserves,but the population number inside nature reserves was significantly more than that outside nature reserves.