中国碳标识内容规范化的原则与进路

Principles and routines of the regulation of Chinese carbon label content

碳标识属于一种环境标志,中国碳标识标注内容的规范需要在参考国际环境标准体系包含的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型标志的基础上作出改进。基于立法学分析,碳标识标注内容的规范原则包括信息量化原则、描述和评价结合原则、包容原则。碳标识内容的制度设计思路包括:①采取先单行型、后分散型的立法模式,先单行规定碳标识内容的一般性规则,再分散规定碳标识内容在具体应用的行业领域中的规则;②基于信息量化原则借鉴Ⅲ型环境标志所涉标准体系,其中重点借鉴碳标识标准ISO 14067;③基于描述与评价结合原则借鉴并改进食品标签营养参考值内容之规范模式,建立碳排放参考值规范及与之配套的消费领域分类规范,并通过标准文件"推荐性/强制性"的切换契合碳标识内容规范在不同消费领域中规制强度需求不同的特点;④提倡基于Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型环境标志的碳标识应用,合理鼓励中国碳标识认证进行创新与竞争。由此,对碳标识内容的规范可通过进一步整合,完善中国绿色产品认证体系建设。同时,为确保碳标识内容规范的可操作性与社会效益,碳标识内容的规范化仍需要多学科的参与。

It is needed to clarify the way to standardize the contents of carbon labeling during the construction of the carbon labeling system in China.Carbon labeling is a kind of environmental labeling,and the standard for contents of carbon labeling in China shall be improved based on the international environment standard system,which includes labeling of typeⅠ,typeⅡand typeⅢ.Based on the legislative science analysis,the design idea for the system of carbon labeling contents shall include:①The legislation model of single type followed by dispersing type shall be adopted.The single type stipulates general rules for carbon labeling contents,and the dispersing type stipulates rules in specific applied industries and fields of carbon labeling contents.②Take the standard system involved in the typeⅢenvironment labeling based on the principle of information quantitativeness as reference,with the emphasis of the carbon labeling standard ISO14067.③Take the standard model for nutritional reference value of food labels as reference and improve it based on the principle of combined description and evaluation,to establish the carbon emission reference value standard and matched consumption field classification standard,and take the characteristics that carbon labeling content standard has different strength demands in varied consumption fields through the shifting of‘recommended/mandatory’of the standard file.④At the premise of the first three ideas,the applications of the carbon labeling based on the typeⅠand typeⅡenvironment labeling are advocated,to encourage innovation and competition of carbon labeling authentication in China in a reasonable way.Therefore,it is needed to improve the construction of the green product certification system in China based on further integration of the standard for carbon labeling contents.At the same time,participation of multiple disciplines is needed for standardization of carbon labeling contents in order to ensure the operability of the carbon labeling content standard and the social benefit.