研发投入的绿色技术进步效应--基于城市层面技术进步方向的视角

The green technology advancement effect of R&D investment:based on the perspective of technological progress at the city level

前沿研究关注研发投入对技术创新的作用,却普遍忽视研发投入对绿色技术进步的影响,尤其并未重视研发投入对绿色技术进步方向的作用。利用2003—2013年中国276个城市面板数据,结合随机前沿模型测算历年各城市全要素生产率、绿色全要素生产率,分别采用绿色全要素生产率及其与全要素生产率的比值表征了绿色技术进步与绿色技术进步方向,通过固定效应模型实证检验了地区研发投入对绿色技术进步的影响效应及其传导机制。结果发现:①研发经费投入和研发人员投入皆能显著促进地区绿色技术进步,推动地区技术进步绿色转型,但随着研发投入强度的增加,对绿色技术进步的推动作用呈边际递减趋势,而对绿色技术进步方向的影响却逐步提升。②受地区自身产业特征和政策影响,地区污染产业锁定和资源依赖型产业模式显著抑制研发投入对绿色技术进步的促进作用,而轻资产型产业结构和环境规制力度则呈现完全相反的作用效应,显著提高研发投入对绿色技术进步的推动作用。③地区研发投入对绿色技术进步的作用呈现出区域异质性。具体表现为对绿色技术进步的作用由东向西逐渐增强,即中西部地区的绿色技术创新表现出明显的追赶效应,对绿色技术进步方向而言,研发人员投入的技术选择偏向则呈现东部地区较强,中西部地区较弱的趋势,表明东部地区技术进步由依靠经费投入的粗放型研发转变为依靠高科技人才创新驱动。为此各地区应重视研发绿色技术选择,合理配置绿色研发资本,制定适宜的环境保护政策,推动产业结构向合理化、高端化转变。

Literature focuses on the role of R&D investment in technology innovation,but pays little attention to the green technology progress.This paper measures TFP and GTFP by stochastic frontier model,and uses GTFP and its ratio to TFP to characterize green technology advancement and green technology progress through the panel data of 276 cities in 2003-2013 in China.It empirically tests the impact of R&D investment on green technology advancement and transmission mechanism through fixed effects model.The results show that:①R&D investment can significantly promote green technology advancement.However,with the increase of R&D investment,the driving effect on green technology advancement has a decreasing trend,while the green technology progress has increased.②Affected by cities’industrial characteristics and policies,pollution industry and resource-dependent industry significantly inhibit the promotion of R&D investment on green technology,while the light asset-based industrial structure and environmental regulation have a completely opposite effect.③There is obvious regional heterogeneity.The effect on green technology advancement is gradually increasing from eastern region to western region in China.As for green technology progress,the promotion of R&D personnel investment is stronger in the eastern China,which means that the driving force for technology progress has been transformed from extensive R&D expenditure to relying on high-tech talent innovation.Therefore,it is necessary to attach importance to R&D investment of green technology,allocate rationally,formulate appropriate environmental protection policies,and promote a reasonable and high-end industrial structure.