非物质文化遗产刑法保护的偏误与匡正

The Criminal Law Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage:Its Error and Correction

基于非物质文化遗产的重要性,提倡利用刑法来保护非物质文化遗产的观点受到认可与推崇。然而,非物质文化遗产刑法保护的理论片面理解了法益保护理论、谦抑性原则等刑法理论,对非遗刑法保护的正当性存在误解。同时,忽视了非物质文化遗产的特殊属性,误解了我国刑法相关规定,不当给予非遗传承人以特殊刑法保护。刑法并非一部适合保护某类文化的部门法;应强化非物质文化遗产保护的行政保障和激励机制,方能实现对非物质文化遗产的最佳保护。

Based on the importance of intangible cultural heritage,advocating the protection of intangible cultural heritage by criminal law is recognized and respected.However,such a theory of protection takes partial understanding of criminal law theory of legal interest protection,modest and restraint principle,misunderstanding of the legitimacy of the protection.At the same time,it ignores the special attributes of intangible cultural heritage,misunderstands the relevant provisions of our criminal law,and improperly protects the inheritors of intangible cultural heritage with special criminal law.The criminal law is not a department law suitable for the protection of a certain kind of culture;we should strengthen the administrative guarantee and incentive mechanism to give the optimized protection of intangible cultural heritage.