戊戌年光绪帝“求医上谕”的历史考察

Historically Examining the Emperor Guangxu’s“Imperial Edict for Seeking Medical Treatment”in the 1898

“戊戌政变”后慈禧授意内阁颁布“求医上谕”,宣布光绪帝身体有恙,引发舆论热议,地方督抚、社会媒体和流亡维新派等各方力量纷纷对此发表意见。“求医上谕”使列强担心光绪帝被废或导致政局不稳,令其在华既得利益受损。在列强外交施压和军事威慑的重压下,慈禧被迫同意法国公使馆医生多德福入宫为光绪帝诊病。事实证明,这绝非一次寻常诊治,隐藏着以慈禧为代表的保守势力与列强双方对中国时局的较量。慈禧一派于戊戌年作出的抉择深刻地影响了晚清政局走向。

After the 1898 Coup,the empress dowager Cixi instructed the cabinet secretly to issue an"edict for seeking medical treatment"and announced that Emperor Guangxu was in bad health,which attracted wide concerns.Local governors,social media and exiled reformers of Weixin School all expressed their opinions."The edict"worried the powers whether the Emperor Guangxu would be abolished or the political situations stable,which damaged their vested interests in China.Under the pressure of diplomatic and military deterrence,Cixi was forced to agree that a doctor of the French Embassy were approved to treat Emperor Guangxu in the Forbidden City.The diagnosis proved to be an extraordinary treatment,which hinted about the contest over China's current situations between the conservative forces represented by Cixi and the big powers.The choice made by the Cixi party in the 1898 had a profound impact on the political situations of the late Qing Dynasty.