元本《琵琶记》生角主线与乡村士子困局的书写

An Analysis of the Main Story Line of the Male Character in the Story of the Lute in the Yuan Dynasty and the Dilemma of Scholars From the Village

晚近以来,《琵琶记》的主角经历了从蔡伯喈到赵五娘的认知变化,而当下通行的各类《中国文学史》《中国戏曲史》也多将《琵琶记》界定为一部宣扬赵五娘仁孝贤德的戏曲,这种情况一定程度影响了对另一主角蔡伯喈情节线索及其相关主题的理解。《琵琶记》对乡村元素的书写透露出蔡伯喈“以耕养读”的家庭出身,而贫寒如洗和人丁不旺的家境则强化了蔡父意图通过蔡伯喈科考改变家庭命运的强烈愿望。“伯喈思亲”线索的绵延不辍,隐含高则诚经营蔡伯喈主角、主线的良苦用心。这些信息皆指向《琵琶记》演述的是,农村贫寒士子逾越阶层所面临的人生困局以及无法破解困局所导致的家庭悲剧。

Since the end of the modern times,the protagonists of the Story of the Lute in the eye of the public have changed from Cai Bojie to Zhao Wuniang.In the various Chinese literary works such as A History of Chinese Literature and History of Chinese Operas,the Story of the Lute is also regarded as a Yuan drama that speaks highly of the Zhao Wuniang's kindness,filial piety,virtues and high morality.But this,to some extent,affects the understanding of the other story line of Cai Bojie,the male lead,and related topics of him.The rural elements of the Story of the Lute indicated Cai Bojie's poor family where his father supported his study by plough.The poverty and blood continuation of the family generated a strong desire in Cai Bojie's father that changed the family's destiny through Cai Bo-chi's excellent performance in imperial examinations.The clues of Cai Bojie's Missing His Family indicated the author Gao Zecheng's efforts in taking Cai Bojie as the main character or the main clue.All these are trying to prove that the Story of the Lute is a story about the life's dilemma of a poor scholar from the village who wants to break through the barriers of social hierarchy,and his family tragedy resulted from his failure to change his class.