认罪认罚阶梯式从宽量刑精准化研究——兼评《关于适用认罪认罚从宽制度的指导意见》

Research on Stepped Lenient Sentence for Pleading Guilty and Precision Sentence--Comments on the Guidance on the Application of Lenient Sentence for Pleading Guilty

《关于适用认罪认罚从宽制度的指导意见》细化了认罪认罚的从宽规则,肯定了阶梯式从宽量刑的指导思想,但其在从宽量刑精细化方面仍有不足。认罪认罚客观上存在一个与教育改善难易度和办案价值量相对应的阶梯式等级体系。在设定认罪认罚阶梯式从宽量刑幅度时,应当以教育改善的难易度、办案价值量两个因素为主线。根据教育改善难易度的大小,可以将认罪认罚划分为自首型、坦白型、功利型三个类别;根据办案价值量的大小,可以将认罪认罚划分为三个价值级别。根据认罪认罚的"三个类别"和"三个级别"之间的组合,认罪认罚形成九梯度的等级体系。九梯度的等级体系,最高从宽幅度可以减少基准刑的70%至免除处罚,最低从宽幅度可以减少基准刑的5%以下。

When concerning pleading guilty and accepting punishment,the leniency rules are detailed,and the guiding ideology of step leniency sentencing is affirmed,but there are also some shortcomings,which mainly manifested in the lack of the main line for the reference factors of leniency,the lack of clearing how to build the equal level system and leniency rang of progressive type about pleading guilty and accepting punishment,the neglect of the difference in the degree of pleading guilty and accepting punishment and narrowing the scope of pleading guilty and accepting punishment improperly.About pleading guilty and accepting punishment,there is an objective hierarchical system corresponding to the degree of difficulty in educating criminals and the amount of value in handling cases.The difficulty in educating criminals and the value of case handling should be taken as the basis for setting a step-by-step lenient sentencing range.According to the difficulty in educating criminals,pleading guilty and accepting punishment can be divided into three categories:surrender type,confession type and utilitarian type.According to the value of handling cases,pleading guilty and accepting punishment can be divided into three value levels.According to the combination of"three categories"and"three levels",pleading guilty and accepting punishment could form a nine gradient system.The maximum leniency of the above-mentioned nine gradient system can reduce 70%of the benchmark punishment to exempt from punishment;the minimum leniency can reduce less than 5%of the benchmark punishment.