论石黑一雄《被掩埋的巨人》中的记忆书写

On Kazuo Ishiguro’s memory writing in The Buried Giant

石黑一雄的新作《被掩埋的巨人》承袭了其前几部小说对个体如何面对伤痛记忆所展开的探讨,并进一步创新性地书写了集体的记忆和遗忘。首先,就个体记忆书写而言,该小说呈现出典型的悖论性特征,作者运用第三人称转换内聚焦的方式书写了埃克索夫妇对"是否恢复个体记忆"所表现出的矛盾态度。其次,就集体记忆书写而言,小说通过书写不列颠和撒克逊两个民族间的集体屠杀记忆,隐喻了后现代语境下集体记忆被政治话语所挪用和操纵从而引发新一轮暴力的潜在风险。通过书写"记忆",包括个体在创伤记忆下如何与自我达成和解、战争双方如何直面曾经的集体屠杀记忆、走出共同的暴力历史等,石黑一雄向读者展示了记忆与遗忘这对命题的两难之境,旨在启发读者思考超越记忆与遗忘的二元对立,以及构建遗忘基础上记忆的可能。

Kazuo Ishiguro’s latest novel The Buried Giant(2015)innovatively writes the collective remembering and forgetting on the basis of his exploration in his previous works into how individuals deal with painful memories.Firstly,the writing of the individual memory in the novel is paradoxical.Ishiguro,by employing the multiple selective omniscience,writes the ambivalent attitudes of the Axl couple towards the restoration of the individual memory.Secondly,in terms of the collective memory,Ishiguro,through the collective holocaust memory between Britain and Saxon,metaphorically writes the potential danger of a new round of violence in the postmodern context as a result of the appropriation and manipulation of collective memory by political discourse.Through his writing of memory,including how an individual,who suffers from the traumatic memory,reconciles with himself and how the two parties in the war find a way out of their history of violence by facing up to the collective holocaust memory,Ishiguro discloses the dilemma of whether to remember or to forget,which aims to evoke readers to ponder over the possibility of constructing a new type of memory based on forgetting by transcending their binary opposition.