卡格纽通讯基地与美埃(塞)关系的兴衰

Kagnew Station and vicissitude of the U.S.-Ethiopia relationship

卡格纽通讯基地作为冷战时期美国全球通讯网络重要中继站之一,是美国与埃塞俄比亚建立并维持军事同盟的决定性因素。美国试图以最低代价维持与埃塞俄比亚的关系,主要根据其对该基地的战略需要程度决定军事援助的规模与速度。埃塞俄比亚则将之视为获取美国更多军事援助的主要筹码。随着1960年代后期美国全球战略收缩、卫星技术突破及迪戈加西亚军事基地的修建,卡格纽基地的地位迅速下降。在1974年埃塞俄比亚革命爆发后,美国奉行"等着瞧"的政策,继续强调埃塞俄比亚的地缘战略意义。然而,由于德格军政权不断激进化并转向苏联集团,两国的合作关系迅速走向破裂。

As one of the key terminals of the relay stations and U.S.World Strategic Communication Network,the Kagnew Station was also a decisive factor in establishing and maintaining an alliance with Ethiopia.The United States was trying to maintain relations with Ethiopia at the lowest cost,mainly according to the strategic needs of the base to determine the scale and speed of military assistance.However,Ethiopia regarded the base as a major bargaining chip for continuing U.S.military assistance.With the global strategic contraction of the United States in the late 1960s,the breakthrough of satellite technology and the construction of the Diego Garcia military base,the role of the Kagnew declined rapidly.After the outbreak of the Ethiopian Revolution,the United States pursued a"wait-and-see"policy toward Ethiopia,continuing to emphasize Ethiopia's geo-strategic significance.However,as the Dergue became more and more radical,especially after turning to the Soviet bloc for military assistance,the cooperation between the two countries completely broke up.