黑水虻幼虫粉对育肥猪盲肠食糜主要微生物数量和代谢产物的影响

Effects of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Meal on the Number of Main Microbes and Metabolites in the Cecum of Finishing Pigs

旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的黑水虻幼虫粉对育肥猪盲肠食糜主要微生物数量和代谢产物的影响。本试验选取72头130日龄、健康且初始体重相近((76.0±0.56)kg)的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,随机分为3个处理组,每组8个重复,每个重复3头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂含有4%(4%组)和8%(8%组)的黑水虻幼虫粉,通过调整日粮配方,3组日粮的蛋白含量和代谢能一致。于正式试验的第42天,每个重复选取1头体重接近平均体重的猪进行屠宰,取盲肠食糜用于相关指标的测定。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,日粮添加4%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著增加了盲肠食糜Bifidobacterium、Lactobacillus、Prevotella、Clostridium cluster IV和Roseburia的数量(P<0.05),而降低了Escherichia coli的数量(P<0.05);日粮添加8%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著增加了Prevotella和Bifidobacterium的数量(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,日粮添加4%和8%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著增加了盲肠食糜中乳酸、总短链脂肪酸和乙酸的浓度(P<0.05),同时,日粮添加8%黑水虻幼虫粉还降低了戊酸的浓度(P<0.05);对于氮代谢产物而言,与对照组相比,日粮添加4%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著降低了盲肠食糜中总生物胺、尸胺、腐胺、精胺、对甲酚和苯酚的浓度(P<0.05),而日粮添加8%的黑水虻幼虫粉显著降低了尸胺和苯酚的浓度(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,在日粮中添加4%的黑水虻幼虫粉可增加育肥猪盲肠食糜中部分有益微生物的数量和有益代谢物的浓度,降低潜在致病菌的数量和氮代谢化合物的浓度,表明一定比例的黑水虻幼虫粉可作为优质的蛋白质饲料原料应用于养猪生产中。

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Hermetia illucens larvae meal on the number of main microbes and metabolites in the cecal digesta of finishing pigs. Seventy-two 130 days of age healthy(Duroc × Landrace × Large White) crossbred pigs with similar body weight of(76.0±0.56) kg were randomly allocated to 3 different dietary treatments with 8 replicates for each treatment and 3 pigs for each replicate. Pigs in the control group were fed basal diets, pigs in the experimental groups were fed diets with 4%(4% group) and 8%(8% group) Hermetia illucens larvae meal to attain the same nitrogen and energy level, respectively by adjusting diet formula. After 42 days formal feeding, one pig from each replicate in each group was randomly selected and slaughtered, and the cecal digesta were collected for correlated parameters analysis. The results showed that: 1) Compared with control group, dietary with 4% Hermetia illucens larvae meal significantly increased the number of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Clostridium cluster IV, and Roseburia in the cecal digesta of pigs(P<0.05), while significantly decreased the number of Escherichia coli(P<0.05);Meanwhile, dietary with 8% Hermetia illucens larvae meal significantly increased the number of Prevotella and Bifidobacterium in the cecal digesta of pigs(P<0.05). 2) Compared with control group, dietary with 4% and 8% Hermetia illucens larvae meal significantly increased the concentrations of lactate, total short-chain fatty acid, and acetate in the cecal digesta of pigs(P<0.05), and dietary with 8% Hermetia illucens larvae meal significantly decreased the concentration of valerate(P<0.05). For nitrogen metabolites, compared with control group, dietary with 4% Hermetia illucens larvae meal significantly decreased the concentrations of total amines, cadaverine, putrescine, spermine, p-cresol, and phenol in the cecal digesta of pigs(P<0.05), and dietary with 8% Hermetia illucens larvae meal also significantly decreased the cadaverine and phenol(P<0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this trail, dietary with 4% Hermetia illucens larvae meal increased the number of beneficial microbes and the concentrations of beneficial metabolites in the cecal digesta of finishing pigs, while decreased the number of potential pathogenic microbes and the concentrations of nitrogen metabolites. These findings indicated that appropriate proportion of Hermetia illucens larvae meal could be used as high quality protein feedstuff in pig production.