基于GIS的生物制药企业VOCs扩散风险评估

GIS-based diffusion distribution and health risk assessment of VOCs in bio-pharmaceutical enterprises

以上海市某发酵类生物制药企业为研究对象,对其排放的苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯酚、甲醇、甲醛6种VOCs的扩散规律进行模拟,采用最大增量反应(MIR)与风险评估四步法分别对VOCs的臭氧生成潜势与健康风险进行评估,并使用ArcGIS软件实现人体健康风险的可视化.结果表明:生物发酵制药企业排放的甲苯与二甲苯对臭氧生成的贡献度较高,分别占47%和29%;通过呼吸途径产生的居民致癌风险为7.04×10^-7,低于美国环保署(USEPA)推荐的可接受风险水平(1×10^-6);非致癌物质引起的健康风险较小,远低于USEPA推荐的最大可接受风险水平(1).因此,本研究中发酵类生物制药企业排放的VOCs不会对人体造成潜在的健康危害,但需考虑对臭氧生成的贡献,并应控制企业甲苯和二甲苯的排放量.

AERMOD Model was used to simulate diffusions of six VOCs in a fermentation biopharmaceutical company in Shanghai.The VOCs included benzene,toluene,xylene,phenol,methanol,and formaldehyde.Health risk assessment and the maximum incremental reactivity(MIR)were used to evaluate their(VOCs)health risks and ozone-formation potentials.ArcGIS was used to vectorize pollutant distributions,realizing the visualization of human health risks and calculating the number of cancer cases per unit area.Above results provided technical support for the risk prevention and control work of relevant departments.As a result,toluene and xylene contributions to ozone-formation potentialities were the highest.In detail,the cancer risk of resident was 7.04×10^-7,which was lower than the acceptable risk recommended by USEPA Level(1×10^-6).Health risks caused by non-carcinogenic substances were small,far below the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by USEPA level(1).The annual average non-carcinogenic risk ranked as benzene,xylene,toluene,phenol,and methanol.Therefore,the fermentation biopharmaceutical company will not cause potential health risk to human beings.