艺术体操运动员脊柱曲度异常与躯干两侧活动度和力量对称性的关系

The Relationship between Abnormal Spinal Curvature and Symmetry of the Activity and Muscle Strength of the Trunk in Rhythmic Gymnastics

目的:描述艺术体操运动员在日常状况下和完成专项动作时脊柱异常的表现及左右对称性,探讨与之相关的因素。方法:以9名艺术体操运动员为研究对象,进行站立位脊柱X光片拍摄,获得脊柱额状面和矢状面的弯曲方向和角度;使用三维摄像方法定量评价运动员完成后搬腿动作和侧搬腿动作时的脊柱活动幅度;运用后伸肌群和双侧屈肌群测试系统对运动员的坐姿躯干后伸和双侧侧屈等长收缩力量进行测试。比较躯干活动幅度和躯干肌肉力量的左右对称性,比较不同脊柱侧凸方向间躯干活动差异。检验脊柱弯曲角度与躯干活动特征的相关性。结果:后搬左侧腿时的活动幅度显著小于后搬右侧腿(P<0.01),对应躯干向左扭转的幅度显著大于向右扭转幅度(P<0.05)。侧搬腿时躯干活动幅度越大对应的躯干扭转角度越大。胸曲角度与右侧搬腿活动幅度角存在正相关(P<0.05),与右侧搬腿躯干扭转角之间为显著负相关(P<0.05),腰曲角度与左侧搬腿活动幅度角之间存在显著正相关(P<0.05),与右侧搬腿躯干扭转角之间存在显著负相关(P<0.05)。肌肉力量方面,胸曲角度越大,3个位置躯干后伸力矩峰值越小。侧屈力量上,运动员绝大多数角度下的右屈力量显著大于左屈力量。胸曲角度、腰°曲角度分°别与不同躯干侧屈角度下右屈力矩峰值存在显著负相关。腰曲角度与左屈0、15°、30和右屈15°位置的躯干左屈力矩峰值存在显著负相关。结论:艺术体操运动员躯干两侧活动度和肌肉力量存在不对称,后伸幅度左侧大于右侧,侧屈肌力右侧大于左侧;但这种不对称与脊柱额状面上异常弯曲无明显关系;集中于躯干右侧和躯干后伸动作的训练,可能是导致胸曲变直的原因。

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to describe the performance of the abnormal spine and its symmetry of rhythmic gymnasts during their daily and special movements, and explore the factors related to them. Methods: Nine female rhythmic gymnasts participated in this study. X-ray films of standing position spine were taken to obtain the bending direction and the angle of spine in spine’s frontal and sagittal planes. Three-dimensional camera method was used to evaluate the spinal motion of athletes during side kick and back kick quantitatively. The extension and bilateral flexor muscle group test system was used to collect athlete s’ elongated contractile force of rear extension and bilateral lateral flexion. The symmetries of muscle strength and muscle activity, the difference of trunk activity between two scoliosis directions were compared in this study. The correlation between the curvature angle of the spine and the activity of the trunk was examined. Results: Movement amplitude angle of the left leg in back kick was significantly smaller than the right leg(P<0.01), and the angle of torsion of the trunk was significantly larger than the right torsion(P< 0.05). The larger movement amplitude the trunk has, the larger the torsion angle is. There was a positive correlation between the angle of thoracic curve and the side kick movement amplitude angle of right leg(P<0.05), however, the angle of thoracic curve was negatively correlated with the torsion angle significantly(P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between lumbar curvature and the side kick movement angle of left leg(P< 0.05), but, the angle of lumbar curve was negatively correlated with the torsion angle significantly(P<0.05). The larger angle the thoracic curvature is, the smaller the trunk extension peak torque is in three positions. The right lateral flexion peak torque of the trunk was significantly greater than that of the left lateral flexion in most positions. The angle of the thoracic curvature and the lumbar curvature had significant negative correlation with the right lateral flexion peak torque in different position of trunk lateral flexion. There was a significant negative correlation between the angle of lumbar curvature and the left lateral flexion peak torque in 0°, left 15°, left 30° and right 15 ivity and muscle strength between both° positions. Conclusion: There are asymmetric trunk act sides of the trunk among rhythmic gymnasts. The extension activity of trunk among rhythmic gymnasts in the left side is greater than that in the right side, and the lateral flexion muscle strength in the right side is greater than that in the left side. However, this asymmetry has no relationship with abnormal curvature of the spinal frontal plane. Training focused on the right side of the trunk and trunk extension may be the reason for the smaller thoracic curve.