2018年湖南省血吸虫病疫情分析

Analysis on the endemic status of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province in 2018

目的报告并分析2018年湖南省血吸虫病疫情状况并提出相应对策。方法对2018年全省血吸虫病疫情资料进行统计与分析。结果截至2018年底,湖南省共有6个市、41个县(市、区)、280个乡(镇)、2415个村(居委会)流行血吸虫病。41个流行县(市、区)中,18个已达到传播控制标准,13个已达到传播阻断标准,10个已达到消除标准。2018年,血检109.3万人,查出阳性31295人,阳性率为2.86%;粪检33216人,无阳性病例;全省尚存晚期血吸虫病人5034例,无急性血吸虫病例。全省流行区共有存栏耕牛91891头,全年共检查耕牛43000头,其中血检5476头,粪检40872头,未发现病牛。2018年全省共查螺91710.07 hm 2,查出钉螺面积61263.69 hm 2,占总查螺面积的66.80%,未发现感染性钉螺。全省当年无新发现有螺面积。2018年全省实有钉螺面积173084.53 hm 2,其中湖沼型、山丘型有螺面积分别为172184.97 hm 2和899.56 hm 2,至2018年,已连续5年未发现急性血吸虫病例和感染性钉螺。结论全省血吸虫病疫情进一步下降,但局部地区仍然存在血吸虫病传播风险。为达到血吸虫病传播阻断乃至消除的目标,仍需要加大防治及监测工作的力度。

Objective To report and analyze the epidemic status of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province in 2018 for corresponding counter measures in the disease prevention and control.Methods The data of schistosomiasis prevalence were collected in Hunan Province in 2018,and statistically analyzed.Results By the end of 2018,schistosomiasis was epidemic in 280 townships and 2415 villages(communities)in the 42 counties(districts)under the 7 administrative cities.Of the 41 endemic counties(districts),18 had reached the criteria of transmission control,13 transmission interruption and 10 elimination.Blood test in 1.093 million people revealed positive results in 31295(2.86%),and stool examination in 33216 subjects demonstrated zero infection in 2018.There were a total of 5034 patients with advanced schistosomiasis,yet acute schistosomiasis was absent.Totally,91891 heads of cattle were being raised in schistosomiasis epidemic areas in Hunan Province.Blood test in 43000 and fecal test in 40872 bovines carried out in 2018 showed no infection.In 2018,snail survey was performed in 91710.07 hm 2,in which 61263.69 hm 2 was identified with snail prevalence(66.80%).However,no infectious snails,and no newly emerging snail area were found in Hunan in 2018.Current areas with snails were 173084.53 hm 2 in Hunan,consisting of the lake and marsh,and hilly environment in respective 172184.97 hm 2 and 899.56 hm 2.No water-net areas were involved.By the end of 2018,no acute schistosomiasis cases or infectious snails were reported since in the past 5 consecutive years.Conclusion Schistosomiasis tends to decline across Hunan province,yet the risk of local transmission still exists,which suggests that consolidated prevention and surveillance measures are necessary to eventually arrive at the goal of interruption and elimination.