12Cr2Mo1R钢制加氢反应器焊接裂纹原因分析及解决措施

Reason analysis and solution of welding crack in hydrogenation reactor of 12Cr2Mo1R steel

加氢反应器在现场安装检验时,发现外部接管、内部堆焊层表面有焊接裂纹存在。采用宏观检查、磁粉检测、渗透检测、化学成分分析、金相组织分析、硬度检测、铁素体含量测定等方法分析裂纹产生原因。结果表明,外部接管裂纹以焊接冷裂纹为主,局部有再热裂纹的特征。堆焊层裂纹形状多为线(条)状裂纹,部分为网状裂纹,这些裂纹具有焊接热裂纹特征。焊接工艺不当是导致裂纹产生的主要原因。通过制定相应解决措施,成功修复了裂纹,并提出加氢反应器制造过程中的预防建议。

The welding cracks on the surface of external nozzle and surfacing layer of hydrogenation reactor were found when it was installed in the field. The causes of cracks were analyzed by means of macro inspection,magnetic powder test,penetration test,chemical composition analysis,metallographic structure analysis,hardness test and ferrite content test. The analysis showed that the external nozzle cracks were mainly welding cold cracks and the other were welding heat cracks. Most of the cracks in surfacing layer were linear(strip) cracks,and some of them were mesh cracks. The characteristics of these cracks were welding heat cracks. The main cause of cracks was improper welding process. Through the development of corresponding solutions,the cracks were successfully repaired,and the prevention suggestions in the manufacturing process of the hydrogenation reactor were proposed.