减轻静脉穿刺疼痛方法的研究进展

Research progress on alleviating venipuncture pain

静脉穿刺是临床工作中诊断、治疗和抢救患者的常见操作,但有的患者因血管较细、位置较深或走行不好等障碍易导致重复操作,降低了静脉穿刺的一次成功率。穿刺时患者的疼痛程度与穿刺部位、进针角度、拔针方法等众多因素有关。减轻静脉穿刺疼痛的方法主要包括:穿刺部位敷麻醉药品;选择合适的穿刺部位,将“乏神经区”作为手背静脉穿刺部位;改进进针角度和拔针方法;选择小型静脉注射器;在静脉穿刺部位、穿刺针头型号、穿刺角度等条件相同时,穿刺针头斜面向左或向右。本文就如何减轻穿刺引起疼痛的研究进展进行综述,以期为临床静脉穿刺提供参考。

Venipuncture is a common operation for the diagnosis,treatment and rescue of patients in clinical work,but the obstacles such as small blood vessels,deeper position or poor walking of patient may lead to repeat operation,which reduces the success rate of venipuncture.The degree of pain during veinipuncture is related to many factors such as the puncture site,the angle of needle insertion,and the method of needle extraction.The methods to relieve venipuncture pain mainly include:applying anesthetic drugs to the puncture site;selecting the appropriate puncture site and regarding the"nerve lacking area"as the venipuncture site of dorsal hand;improving injection angle and pulling method;choosing the small size of intravenous syringes;at the same position of venipuncture,needle-type of puncture,puncture angle and other conditions,keeping the bevel of needle point towards left or right.This article reviews the research progress on how to relieve the pain caused by puncture,in order to provide reference for clinical venipuncture.