非洲政治治理60年:多重长期困境与潜在创新出路

60 Years of African Political Governance:Multiple Persistent Dilemmas and Potential Innovative Solutions

非洲国家独立60年来,政治、经济和社会发展均取得重大进展,但相对其他地区仍不够理想,特别是政治治理的进展总体上落后于其经济发展。作为整体的非洲政治治理大致经历了4个发展阶段,即从独立头十年的继承性治理,到此后约20年的本土化治理,再到冷战结束后的西式民主化治理,及至进入21世纪第二个十年后全面开启的自主化治理。非洲政治治理进展缓慢,很大程度上与错综复杂的内外因素密切相关。非洲政治治理的发展为多重因素持久困扰,恰似始终处于十字路口:在内部是自上而下的政府治理与自下而上的草根治理的角力;在外部则有悬浮的地区治理和强加的西式治理,使非洲国家在本土化/自主性与西化/继承性之间作钟摆运动。如何合理、有效地平衡上述四大因素,既是非洲政治治理发展的历史性桎梏,也是其未来发展的潜在突破方向。随着非洲自身政治觉醒和新兴大国的崛起,既有的平衡困境可能得以突破,非洲政治治理有望迎来崭新的发展阶段。

In the past 60 years of independence,Africa has achieved significant progress in political,economic,and social fields.However,compared with the rest of the world,such progress is far from sufficient,especially the political progress lags far behind the economic development.Since independence,African political governance has experienced four stages of development:from inherited governance in the first decade after independence to localized governance in the 1970 s and 1980 s,then Western-style democratic governance after the end of the Cold War,and independent governance after the 2010 s.It is important to note that the slow progress of African political governance is largely due to complicated internal and external factors,including internal top-down governmental governance and bottom-up grass-root governance,and external suspending regional governance and imposed Western-style governance,which makes Africa consistently at a drifting crossroad.There are always struggles between top-down approach and bottom-up approach,and the external factors making nuance contributions to African governance as well.How to balance above four factors more effectively is a historical dilemma for Africa;however,there is a potential to shift such dilemma to a breakthrough for African governance,given the facts that Africa has been significantly raising its governance autonomy and the emerging powers has kept rising in the past decades.Making best use of these two new intervening varieties,Africa can break the vicious circle and build a virtuous circle for its governance.