从新冠肺炎疫情谈野生动物检疫监管

Discussion on Quarantine and Supervision for Wildlife Based on the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019

野生动物的检疫监管是保护野生动物,维护生物多样性,促进生态平衡的重要内容,也是有效防控人兽共患病,保障公共卫生安全的重要举措。本文梳理了《野生动物保护法》《动物防疫法》有关野生动物检疫监管的相关条款,分析了野生动物检疫范围、检疫规程、监督执法等内容,指出了当前野生动物监管存在检疫对象和检疫范围不一致,检疫规程覆盖动物种类有限,监督执法依据操作性不强等难题。提出应通过完善立法以禁止滥食野生动物,强化普法宣贯以明确食用野生动物风险,科学制定检疫规程,明确检疫主体等检疫,以期对优化野生动物检疫监管措施提供支持。

Aiming at protecting wildlife,maintaining biological diversity and promoting ecological balance,the inspection,quarantine and supervision for wildlife play an important role in preventing and controlling zoonoses and safeguarding public health and safety. In this paper,relevant clauses stipulated in Protection Law of Wildlife and Animal Disease Prevention Law were summarized,the quarantine scope and rules,supervision and law enforcement and other issues were analyzed,then some problems encountered in current quarantine and supervision were put forward,such as,the inconsistency between the quarantine object and related scope,limited animal species covered by quarantine regulations,and poor basis of supervision and law enforcement. Further,it was suggested that legislation should be improved to prohibit excessive consumption of wildlife,the publicity and implementation of relevant laws should be strengthened to clarify any risk caused thereby,quarantine regulations should be scientifically formulated and the quarantine subjects should be specified,hoping to optimize the quarantine and supervision measures for wildlife.