美国兽医人力资源发展情况及启示

The Development Status of Veterinary Human Resources in the United States and Relevant Enlightenment

基于当下非洲猪瘟防控工作,兽医人力资源不足问题日益引起了管理部门和业界的关注。美国通过2010年、2015年对兽医人力资源调查发现,各级政府对兽医需求缺乏全面认知,兽医队伍机制建设不健全,兽医资源渐少及使用效率不高,错失解决兽医人力短缺的良机等问题,并通过加强立法规范,提升兽医职级与加强教育培训,设置专项奖助学金等措施积极应对。这提示我国应加快《兽医法》立法,完善兽医继续教育认证标准,建立补足动物防疫领域"人力短板"的机制,合理运用私营机构兽医资源等,以期为中国兽医人力资源良好发展做出有益探讨。

The insufficient veterinary human resources has been increasingly concerned by management departments and the industry during current prevention and control of African Swine Fever(ASF). It was found by the United States that,upon investigation into veterinary human resources in 2010 and 2015,the needs for veterinarians was not fully realized by federal governments,the construction of veterinary team system was not perfect,the veterinary resources were decreasing with low service efficiency,and the opportunity to solve the shortage of veterinary human resources was missing. In addition,relevant countermeasures were given,including strengthening legislation,upgrading promotion ranks of veterinarians,improving education and training,and setting up special awards and grants. For China,it was suggested that Veterinary Law should be developed as soon as possible,the certification standard for continuing education of veterinarians should be improved,the system for improving"shortage of human resources"in the field of animal disease prevention should be established,and the veterinary resources in private institutions should be used reasonably,hoping to make a useful discussion for sound development of veterinary human resources in China.