桃园后期主要害虫及天敌发生情况

Occurrence of Major Pests and Natural Enemies in Late Period of Peach Orchard

为了解桃园后期主要害虫及天敌的发生情况,于2019年10月对山东省部分地区13个管理情况不同的桃园进行调查。结果表明,桃园后期的主要害虫种类为蚜虫、叶蝉、潜叶蛾,天敌种类主要为瓢虫、草蛉、蜘蛛、寄生蜂、食蚜蝇。与清耕桃园比较,生草桃园的害虫发生危害明显较轻,天敌数量较多;使用低毒杀虫剂的桃园害虫发生数量少于喷施广谱性杀虫剂的桃园,天敌数量明显增加;生草桃园和使用低毒杀虫剂的桃园益害比明显较高,除曲阜东岭村桃园的益害比低至1∶104.6,其他桃园的益害比均高于1∶21,处于较高水平。从调查结果可以得出,在桃园采用生草技术并使用低毒杀虫剂可以有效控制桃园后期害虫危害,增加越冬天敌的数量。

In order to understand the occurrence of major pests and natural enemies in the late period of peach orchards,a survey was conducted on 13 peach orchards with different management conditions in parts of Shandong Province in October 2019.The results showed that the major pest species in the later period of peach orchards were aphid,leafhopper and leaf miner.The main natural enemies were ladybird beetle,green lacewing,spider,parasitic wasp and hoverfly.Compared with clean-tillage peach orchards,the occurrence of pests in the peach orchards interplanted with grass was significantly lighter,and the number of natural enemies was larger.The number of pests in peach orchards with low-toxic pesticides was less than that in peach orchards frequently sprayed broad-spectrum pesticides,and the number of natural enemies increased significantly.The ratio of natural enemies to pests of peach orchards interplanted with grass and with low-toxic pesticides was significantly higher,and the ratio of other orchards was at a high level(higher than 1∶21),except for the ratio of peach orchard in Dongling village of Qufu City as low as 1∶104.6.From the survey results,interplanting grass in the peach orchard and using low-toxic pesticides could effectively control the damage of pests in the late period of peach orchards and increase the number of overwintering natural enemies.