社会记忆、认同重塑与生存策略——一项对资源枯竭型城市下岗工人的质性研究

Social Memory,Identity Reshaping and Survival Strategy--A Qualitative Study of Laid-off Workers in Resource-exhausted City

在资源枯竭型城市中,国企改制过程中分流、买断、破产等政策的实施使得下岗工人的身份认同发生巨大转变。身份认同是建立在社会记忆基础上的,社会记忆中的事件、经验、情感构成了其身份认同重塑的基础。而身份认同不只是认知建构,它作为行动者获取行动意义的源泉,直接影响到其进一步的行动策略。本文基于对一个资源枯竭型城市L矿的质性研究发现,下岗工人在“对辉煌时期单位人的留恋”和“对衰退期单位人的不满”两种社会记忆基础上建构了“工人老大哥”“社会底层”“拥抱市场经济的奋斗者”三种不同的身份认同。下岗工人在这三种身份认同下,又分别形成了自力糊口型、外部依赖型和进取发展型三种不同生存策略。

In the process of restructuring state-owned enterprises in resource-exhausted cities,the implementation of policies such as diversion,buyout and bankruptcy has made the identity of laid-off workers undergo a tremendous transformation and reconstruction.The experiences,events,and emotions provided by social memory have formed the basis for the reconstruction of identity.And identity is not just cognitive construction.It acts as a source of action meaning for actors,and directly affects their further action strategies.This study finds that laid-off workers have constructed three different types of identity,the“big brother”,the bottom of the society,and“fighters embracing the market economic”based on two types of social memory:“nostalgia for work-unit in glorious times”and“dissatisfaction with work-unit in decline times”.Under these three identities,laid-off workers have formed three different survival strategies:subsistence survival strategy,dependency survival strategy,and development survival strategy.