家庭背景、职业流动与婚姻匹配

Family Background,Occupational Mobility and Marriage Matching

对代际流动者婚配模式的考察可以作为表征流动者后续发展的重要指标,也能深化对“门当户对”内涵的理解。本文使用CGSS2006的数据,证实了在夫妻职业匹配上的流动效应。研究结果显示,好的家庭背景能帮助向下流动者维持同质婚甚至实现向上婚配,通过缔结良缘以抵消向下流动带来的地位损失。而对于向上流动者来说,较低的家庭出身阻碍了个体在自致阶层上的充分融合,个体难以通过婚姻进一步向上流动。在后续分析中,本文所纳入的几项与个人生活方式相关的变量显著降低了出身阶层的影响,说明生活风格的匹配和文化相似性是影响流动者婚配模式的重要因素。对代际流动者婚配模式的分析凸显了门当户对观念的多维性,这种隐藏的门当户对观念很可能通过联姻进一步加强社会不平等。

The analysis of the marriage patterns of intergenerational migrants could be an essential indicator to predict their future status attainment,and a key to understand the influences of family background on the marriage-matching.This paper verifies the mobility effect in occupational marriage matching with the Chinese General Social Survey 2006.The results indicate that the privileged family background could help downward mobile attain an excellent marital match and make up for the status loss caused by downward mobility.Thus they have more chance of homogamy,even hypergamy.While those upward mobile find it challenging to achieve a good match,the disadvantaged family background could block the full integration on the completed status.When comparing the marital chance between hypergamy and homogamy,the upward mobile is more likely to attain homogamy.According to the analysis of the mechanism,the lifestyle-related variables significantly reduce the influence of family background,which means the match of lifestyle and culture similarity is vital for the mating pattern of intergenerational mobiles.The mating pattern of mobile brings the multi-dimensional nature of“matching door”to the fore;this hidden view of“matching door”will probably enhance the social inequality.