在情怀之外:互联网中小企业“自愿加班”的工厂政体研究

Beyond the Vision:A Factory Regime Analysis on the Voluntary Overtime Working in the Middle and Small-Sized ICT Enterprises

本文立足于工厂政体理论,探讨互联网中小企业“自愿加班”的问题。在互联网行业,存在着“审批加班”“自愿加班”和“准制度加班”三种类型,其中最常见的是“自愿加班”。本文认为,“自愿加班”是一种工厂政体的结果,是劳动过程、产品市场、生产制度、劳动者议价能力等一系列因素的产物。在议价能力上,劳动者并没有因知识和技术重获力量,相反,一系列新现象削弱了知识赋予他们的议价能力。同时,企业还有意识地进行意识形态的运作,用“大牛神话”等故事,不断塑造着劳动者在劳动过程中的主观体验,在意识上和制度上都巩固了加班中的“自愿”。这些因素使得劳动者的“自愿加班”中包含了无奈甚至强迫。因此,本文认为,新经济行业的劳动者同样需要劳动法的保护。

From the perspective of the factory regime,this paper discusses the overtime working problem in the middle and small-sized ICT enterprises.There are three different types of overtime working,namely,“the approved”,the“voluntary”,the semi-institutionalized.The“voluntary”overtime working is the most common.This article concludes that the consent of“voluntary”overtime working is the result of a certain factory regime,is the integrated product of labor process,product market and bargaining power of labor.Even though we assume that knowledge and capability have vested a kind of“structured power”,labor is still vulnerable.Meanwhile,the employers conciousnessly make up legend stories to shape the organizational culture,which in turn influences the ideology of labor process.The voluntary overtime working is in the shade of helplessness and even coercion.Therefore,it calls for the full enforcement of labor law in the new economy.