日本“北送”原因初探——旅日南朝鲜人为何移居朝鲜

Preliminary Study on“North-sending”by Japanese Government Why the South Korean Residents in Japan Moved to DPRK?

朝鲜半岛沦为日本的殖民地后,由于经济生活困难、日本强征劳动力等,有近200万朝鲜人移居日本。1945年8月,日本战败投降后,尽管有100多万朝鲜人回到朝鲜半岛,但仍有60多万朝鲜人继续留在日本。20世纪50年代末60年代初,大批从朝鲜半岛南部地区移居日本的旅日朝鲜人,在日本和朝鲜政府的协调、组织下,前往朝鲜定居。这些旅日朝鲜人为何不愿回故乡,而选择前往朝鲜定居?当时正在与韩国举行关系正常化谈判的日本政府,为何又不顾韩国政府的反对,将大批旅日朝鲜人遣送到朝鲜?本文将就这些疑问,对那个时期的“北送”问题进行梳理和探讨。

Since Korean peninsula colonized by Japan in the early 20th century,there was approximately 2 million Koreans emigrated to Japan,some of them because of poverty,and some of them brought to Japan forcibly as labors.The situation changed with Japan's surrender in August 1945.More than a million Koreans had returned to the Korean peninsula,although more than 600000 remain in Japan.In the early 1950s-1960s,under the cooperation and co-organization between Japanese Government and DPRK s Government,a large number of Koreans residents in Japan from the southern part of the Korean peninsula had decided to settle in DPRK.Why did they make this decision?Why did the Japanese Government send the Korean residents to DPRK despite South Korea s opposition,even during the normalization negotiations of diplomatic relationships between the two parts?With the mentioned queries,this article prefers to focus on the period and to analyze the relative issues of“North-sending”.