论数据权利归属与取得

On the Attribution and Acquisition of Data Rights

数据权利归属的研究是要回答“数据是谁的”这一问题。数据权利归属是数据权利保护的核心问题。此问题不解决,就无法真正实现对数据权利的保护,更无法实现数据的有效利用和激励数据开发、利用技术的研究。数据权利归属就是确认数据财产的初始权利,数据权利归属研究的目的在于维护数据开发和利用的市场秩序,激发人们研发和利用数据技术的积极性和能动性,维护数据权利中的个人利益、社会公共利益和国家利益,并为数据安全立法提供法学理论支撑。本文以数据资源有效开发利用过程中各方利益的协调、数据开发利用技术发展的激励为核心来论证数据权利的归属,从立法层面、权利结构理论和数据权利的财产权属性三个方面论证了数据权利的可行性。最后,本文针对数据本身的特征提出了数据权利归属的私人模式及数据权利取得的路径。

The study of data rights attribution is to answer the question"whose the data is".The attribution of data rights is the core issue of data rights protection.Without solving the problem,we cannot truly protect data rights,let alone inspire the effective use of data and stimulate the research of data utilization technology.To confirm the attribution of data rights is to confirm the initial rights of data asset,which aims at maintaining the market order for data production,collection,storage,trading,regulation,development and utilization,stimulating people's enthusiasm and initiative in utilization of data technology,safeguarding personal interests,public interests and national interests in data rights,and providing legal theory support for data security legislation.This article demonstrates the attribution of data rights with the core of the coordination of the interests of all parties in the process of effective utilization of data resource and the impetus to the development of data technology.There are three aspects to prove the feasibility of data rights:the legislative perspective,the theory of the right structure and the property nature of data rights.Finally,according to the characteristics of the data itself,the article suggests a private mode of data rights attribution and the path of data rights acquisition.