传输线电磁脉冲耦合问题研究综述

Review on the Study of EMP-to-Transmission Line Coupling Problem

传输线是各种电子电气设备中的常见结构,是信号传递、能量传输的重要通道,同时也是电子电气系统中极易受到外界电磁脉冲干扰的对象之一。电磁脉冲与传输线之间的耦合问题一直是国内外研究者关注的一个热点。文章介绍了低频情况下研究场线耦合问题的经典传输线模型,并对基于传输线模型的BLT方程、SPICE等效电路模型发展历程、研究现状进行了较为详细的分析和总结,同时梳理了传输线方程FDTD解法的发展脉络。之后,简要介绍了高频情况下常用的场线耦合模型。最后,就当前场线耦合问题中被广泛关注的部分热点问题进行了分析和讨论,并指出了一些亟待完善的地方。

Transmission lines(TLs), which function as the important channel for transmitting signal and energy, are commonly employed in various electronic and electrical equipment. In the meantime, transmission lines are also one of the objects which are susceptible to interference of external electromagnetic pulses(EMPs). Therefore, the coupling problem between the EMP and TLs attracts a persistent attention. In this paper, the classic TL model for analyzing the field-to-line coupling problem at low frequencies, as well as the historical development of both the BLT equation and SPICE equivalent circuit model based on the TL model is introduced and summarized in detail. Meanwhile, the evolution of the FDTD method to solve the TL equation is reviewed. Then, the commonly used field-line coupling models at high frequencies are briefly introduced. Furthermore, some hot issues which are widely concerned in the study of field-line coupling problem are analyzed and discussed, and some areas for improvement are pointed out.