西沙群岛4种木材的解剖学研究

Wood Anatomy Research of Four Plants in Xisha Islands

报道了西沙群岛4种植物[水芫花(Pemphis acidula)、海人树(Suriana maritima)、海岸桐(Guettarda speciosa)和银毛树(Tournefortia argentea)]的木材解剖学特征,为其木材识别、系统分类及植物保育等方面研究提供依据。采用数码显微的方法,对4种植物树皮、木材宏观及微观构造进行观测。结果表明:水芫花、海人树、海岸桐树皮呈褐色,管孔分布类型为散孔材;银毛树树皮呈银白色,管孔分布类型为散孔材至半环孔材。水芫花和海人树的木材质地较重硬,髓部较小;海岸桐和银毛树的木材质地较轻软,髓部较大。4种植物木材导管分子长度均较短,不超过800μm。水芫花、海人树和海岸桐管孔组合以径列复管孔为主,银毛树则以管孔团为主。银毛树的轴向薄壁组织最为发达,并具有小型导管。水芫花木射线同形单列为主;海人树和海岸桐的木射线为异型II型,2列至4列为主,常同一射线内出现2~3次多列部分;银毛树以同形多列为主。

The anatomical characteristics of the wood of Pemphis acidula, Suriana maritima, Guettarda speciosa and Tournefortia argentea above in Xisha Islands were reported. The macrostructure and microstructure of the wood and bark of the plants were observed by the method of digital microscopy. The bark of P. acidula, S. maritima and G. speciosa was brown and the pore distribution type was diffuss-porous. The bark of T. argentea was silver white and the pore distribution type was diffuss-porous to semi-ring porous. The wood of P. acidula and S. maritima was the heaviest and hardest, and the pith was the smallest. while the wood of G. speciosa and T. argentea was the lightest and softest. The length of vessel of the four plants were short, less than 800 μm. Vessel grouping of P. acidula, S. maritima and G. speciosa was mainly composed of radial multiple pore, and that for T. argentea was pore cluster. The axial parenchyma was best developed and had some small vessels. The wood ray of P. acidula was mostly homogeneous uniseriate, that of S. maritima and G. speciosa was heterogeneous II type, mostly two to four series, frequent occurrence 2-3 times of multiseriate parts in the same ray;and that of T. argentea was mostly homogeneous multiseriate.