关于教育标准化改革中若干基础性问题的思考

Reflections on Several Fundamental Problems in the Standardization of Education

党的十八大以来,国家标准化改革相关政策密集出台,标准化战略不断加强。2017年,《中华人民共和国标准化法》颁布,为教育标准化改革提出了新的更高的要求。教育标准的概念、范围与分类等问题是教育标准化的基础性问题,也是教育标准化改革与管理的基础。教育标准的本质属性是规范,表现形式是文件。教育标准的范围,从技术要求的视角来看,教育领域需要统一的技术要求,涉及各级各类教育,包括学校设立与建设、学校运行和管理、学科专业和课程体系、教师队伍建设、教育质量、教育装备、教育信息化、教育学督导、语言文字等方面。教育标准的分类即《中华人民共和国标准化法》范畴下的国家、行业、地方、团体、企业五类教育标准,而行政部门制定的教育标准类文件虽然不属于《中华人民共和国标准化法》规定的标准范畴,但也是具有教育标准功能的"准标准",是完整的教育标准体系的重要组成部分。

Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the relevant policies of the national standardization reform have been issued intensively,and the standardization strategy has been continuously strengthened. In 2017,the revised Standardization Law of the People’s Republic of China was enacted. This raises new and higher requirements for the reform of education standardization. The concept,scope and classification of education standards are the fundamental problems of education standardization,and also the foundation of education standardization reform and management. The essential attribute of education standard is disciplines, and usually expressedin the form of documents. In terms of the scope of education standards,education requires a unified technical requirements involving all kinds and levels of education from the perspective of technical requirements,including school establishment and construction, school operation and management, discipline and curriculum system,teachingstaff construction, education quality, education equipment, education informationization, pedagogical supervision,language,etc. According to the Standardization Law of the People’s Republic of China,education standards include national standards,sector standards,local standards,association standards and enterprise standards.Although the documents of education standards formulated by the administrative department are not categorized as standards stipulated in the Standardization Law of the People’s Republic of China,they are also the"quasi standards"with the function of education standards,which is an essential part of the complete education standard system.