农村地区高中生体重自我评价与饮食行为习惯分析

Self-evaluation of weight and eating habits among rural high school students

目的了解农村地区高中生体质指数(BMI)分类和体重自我评价,掌握其不良饮食行为习惯发生情况,探讨干预农村地区高中生体型自我评价偏移的措施,为培养青少年良好饮食行为习惯提出建议。方法于2016年5月在江西省婺源县用整群抽样方法对某高中1 810名学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查,调查问卷由高中生危险行为监测问卷翻译修改而成。结果本研究调查1 810名高中生,性别比1.25:1;346人(19.12%)低估自己的体重,523人(28.90%)高估自己的体重;881人(48.67%)对体重计划采取减重行为,246人(13.59%)计划增重。不同性别体重自我评价差异有统计学意义(χ2=113.461,P <0.001)。被调查的1 810名高中生中,48.34%过去7 d喝苏打水、汽水次数≥1次;74.97%过去7 d参加体力活动时间加起来累积60 min的天数≤1 d。结论大部分高中生不能科学地判断自身体重,且大多判断具有偏大倾向,且体重认知偏移存在明显的性别差异。农村高中生的生活方式已经渐渐发生变化,不良饮食行为习惯亟待干预。

Objective To examine the distribution of body mass index(BMI), self-evaluation of weight, and prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors among rural high school students for developing interventions on bias in self-evaluation of weight and promoting healthy eating behaviors among the students. Methods We carried out an anonymous selfadministered questionnaire survey among 1 810 students recruited with cluster sampling in a high school in Wuyuan county of Jiangxi province in May 2016. We adopted a revised Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire – Chinese Version in the survey. Results Of all the students with a male to female ratio of 1.25:1, 346(19.12%) and 523(28.90%) reported underand over-estimated self-body weight;881(48.67%) and 246(13.59%) reported weight loss and gain plan. There was a significant gender difference in self-evaluation of weight(χ2 = 113.461, P < 0.001). Among the students, 48.34% reported consumption of soft drinks once or more during previous 7 days and 74.97% reported only one or less than one day with the cumulated physical exercise time of at least 60 minutes for past 7 days. Conclusion Most of high school students have no correct self-evaluation of weight and the majority of the students have their body weight overestimated and the bias in selfevaluation of weight differs by gender among the students. The study results also indicate that unhealthy eating behaviors of the students needs to be intervened.