水系灭火剂及其原料急性毒性研究

Study on acute toxicity of water based extinguishing agent and materials

采用标准试验方法分别研究了水系灭火剂常用原料及灭火剂成品对斑马鱼的急性毒性(LC50),为水系灭火剂的产品开发及生态风险评估提供参考。结果显示,水系灭火剂预混液的急性毒性与凝固点指标没有必然联系,但随灭火级别的提高总体呈上升趋势。多种碳氢表面活性剂和氟碳表面活性剂具有较高的急性毒性,按照化学物质对鱼类毒性评价标准,十二烷基硫酸钠和椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱属于高毒物质,是配方筛选时应重点关注的物质。开发环保型水系灭火剂,应充分参考各种原料的急性毒性,不使用或少使用急性毒性较大的原料。

As a reference for product development and ecological risk assessment, acute toxicity(LC50) of raw materials and final products in water based extinguishing agents on zebre fish was studied using standard test method. Results showed that acute toxicity of extinguishing agent had no necessary correlation with freezing point but increased with fire-fighting level. Multiple hydrocarbon surfactants and fluorinate surfactants have high toxicity,sodium dodecyl sulfate and cocoamidopropyl Betaine even belong to highly toxic compounds according to toxicity criteria against fish.Considering acute toxicity,these highly toxic materials should not be used or should be little used in water based extinguishing agents while developing environment friendly products.