不同小麦品种对晚霜冻的响应及抗霜性评价

Evaluation of responses of different wheat varieties to spring frost injury and their frost resistance

为评价小麦品种的抗晚霜冻能力,以16个小麦品种为材料,在自然霜冻条件下测定叶片相对电导率、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm)、光合速率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理生化指标,及幼穗冻伤率、产量及产量结构等,应用各指标相对值进行隶属度(D值)综合评价及聚类分析。结果表明:小麦拔节期霜冻胁迫后,叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm)、光合速率的平均值分别降低5.9%、1.0%、34.4%,叶片SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量、相对电导率平均值分别上升46.7%、33.7%、8.4%、20.8%、32.8%,各指标品种间存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著的差异(P<0.01)。参试品种的平均隶属度值为0.192~0.911,幼穗冻伤率为1.3%~41.8%,产量为4328.1~8222.3 kg·hm^-2,产量和产量结构差异显著。通过隶属度平均值(D值)、幼穗冻伤率和产量聚类,将16个小麦品种聚为5类,I类:济麦22、临Y8012、山农28;II类:舜麦1718、济麦23、中麦36、烟农1212;III类:山农30、晋麦84号、衡杂102、师栾02-1、科农2009、周麦18;IV类:冀麦325、西农585;V类:西农529。从第I类品种到第V类品种,冬性越来越弱,春性越来越强,抗晚霜冻能力越来越弱。

The experiment was conducted to evaluate wheat varieties responses to late frost with 16 wheat varieties in the field in Southern Shanxi Province.The physiological and other indices including relative electrical conductivity,chlorophyll content,fluorescence parameters(Fv/Fm),photosynthetic rate,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,and catalase(CAT)activity,frostbite rate,yield,and yield component after natural frost injury happened in spring were measured.The relative value of each index was used for the comprehensive evaluation of membership degree(D value)and cluster analysis.The results showed that the chlorophyll content,fluorescence parameters(Fv/Fm),and photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves decreased by 5.9%、1.0%、and 34.4%,respectively while the SOD activity,POD activity,CAT activity,MDA content,and relative electrical conductivity of leaves increased by 46.7%、33.7%、8.4%、20.8%、and 32.8%after frost stress at the jointing stage,respectively.There were significant differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01)among varieties.The average membership value of varieties was 0.192~0.911,the frostbite rate of young ears was 1.3%~41.8%,and the yields ranged from 4328.1 to 8222.3 kg·hm^-2.The yield and yield structure were significant different.Based on D value and frostbite rate of young panicle and yield,16 wheat varieties were clustered into 5 categories.Category I included Jimai 22,LinY8012,and Shannong 28;Category II included Shunmai 1718,Jimai 23,Zhongmai 36,and Yannong 1212;Category III included Shannong 30,Jinmai 84,Hengza 102,Shiluan 02-1,Kenong 2009,and Zhoumai 18;Category IV included Jimai 325,and Xinong 585;Category V included Xinong 529.From I to V,winteriness was weaker,while springiness was stronger and the ability to resist late frost was weaker.Therefore,higher frost resistant wheat variety should be planted.