易地扶贫搬迁后农户生计改善评价——基于湖北省J县的调查

Evaluation of farmers’livelihood improvement after off-site poverty alleviation relocation--Based on the investigation of J County,Hubei Province

在贫困地区,采用易地搬迁的手段实现精准扶贫与脱贫,使搬迁农户"搬得出、稳得住、能致富",对解决区域性贫困和全面建成小康社会具有重要的现实意义。本文以湖北省J县为例,在确定农户生计资本评估体系的基础上,通过问卷调查和深入访谈获取数据,采取模糊函数和隶属函数对易地搬迁后农户生计改善进行评价。结果表明:农户易地扶贫搬迁后生计资本有所提高。研究发现,农户搬迁后的物质资本、人力资本和自然资本变化较小,金融资本和社会资本改善较为明显。研究提出对于纯农户来说,搬迁后由于农地距离安置点较远,应配备一定的蔬菜种植、牲畜养殖等用地;从长远来看,提高农户生计水平应注重发展特色产业;对于较为年轻的农户,应加强就业技能培训。

In poverty-stricken areas,the use of off-site poverty alleviation relocation means to achieve precise poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation.The relocated farmers are moved,stabilized and able to get rich,which has important practical significance for alleviating regional poverty and building a well-off society in an all-round way.Taking J County of Hubei Province as an example,this paper gets the data through questionnaire survey and in-depth interview and uses the fuzzy function and membership function to evaluate the improvement of farmers’livelihood after the offsite poverty alleviation relocation based on the evaluation of the livelihood capital evaluation system of farmers.The results show that after the off-site poverty alleviation relocation,the farmers’livelihood capital has improved to some extent.The study finds that there are small changes in physical capital,human capital and natural capital of farmers after relocation.The improvement of financial capital and social capital is more obvious.The study proposes that pure farmers should be equipped with certain land for planting vegetable and raising livestock because farmland is relatively far away from the relocation site,and in the long run,farmers should focus on developing characteristic industry to improve the livelihood.Young and middle-aged farmers should be strengthened by employment skill training.