托斯卡纳艺术家:论《失乐园》中伽利略的形象

Tuscan Artist: the Image of Galileo in Paradise Lost

在弥尔顿的长篇史诗《失乐园》中,作者赋予伽利略艺术家、天文学家与僭越者3种形象。作者在诗中将伽利略的艺术家形象与撒旦并置,将其天文学家形象与被训斥的亚当并置,表达了作者对新兴科学的不安与警惕。但弥尔顿反对的并非是科学本身,亦不是伽利略,而是世人对知识的无限制渴求。弥尔顿在诗中通过3次引用伽利略展现了一位凡人力图僭越和渴求神知的形象,这恰好是基督教视野下凡人所经受的苦难--随时渴望更高层次的知识,却又随时可能堕落。这样处理的背后是信仰与启蒙间的张力,求知与谦卑间的冲突,其中凝置了数代基督教知识分子的挣扎与彷徨。

In the epic Paradise Lost by John Milton,Galileo is described as an artist,an astronomer and a transgressor.The images of artist and astronomer of Galileo reveal the poet’s unease about new science.However,what Milton opposes is neither science nor Galileo but people’s unlimited thirst for knowledge.By quoting Galileo three times,the poet displays an image of a transgressor of Galileo,which reflects not only the tension between belief and enlightenment and the conflict between seeking knowledge and humility,but the struggle and hesitation of Christian intellectuals for generations.