暗流涌动:中苏解决中东铁路问题的交涉(1917-1931)

On Negotiations between China and the Soviet Union on the Issue of Middle East Railway(1917-1931)

苏俄政府建立后曾两次发表对华宣言,主张将中东路权归还中国,此后中苏双方围绕中东路权和管理权的归属展开一系列交涉。结果苏俄并未履行归还中国路权的承诺,反而与中国签订一系列协约,将中东铁路推向中苏共管。出于各自的利益考量,国内外各方力量对中苏共管中东铁路表现出不同的立场和态度。中苏达成的协定并未贯彻执行,各种势力掺杂其中,龃龉丛生,纠纷不断甚至兵戎相见,中苏中东铁路问题始终悬而未决,深刻反映出近代中国东北路权斗争的复杂性。

Since its establishment,the Soviet government has issued two declarations to China advocating returning the right of railway in the Middle East to China.Since then,China and the Soviet Union have launched a series of negotiations on the right of railway in the Middle East and the right of management.However,in the negotiations,the Soviet Union fails to keep the promise of returning the right to China.Instead,the Soviet government pushes the Middle East Railway to the Sino-Soviet joint management through a series of agreements with China.Out of different interest considerations,various domestic and foreign forces have shown different positions and attitudes.However,with various forces involved,the agreement between China and the Soviet Union has not been implemented,and there have been conflicts and even fights.The issue of Sino-Soviet Middle East Railway has remained unresolved,which profoundly reflects the complexity of the struggle for the right of railway in Northeast China in modern times.