2014-2018年四川省流行性出血热流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever in Sichuan Province From 2014 to 2018

目的分析2014-2018年四川省流行性出血热流行病学特征,为科学防控流行性出血热提供依据。方法通过"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"收集2014-2018年四川省流行性出血热疫情信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析,构成比的比较采用χ~2检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 2014-2018年四川省累计报告病例829例,死亡7例。年平均发病率为0.20/10万,平均病死率为0.84%(7/829)。报告病例主要集中在凉山州盐源县,占全省病例总数的76%(630/829)。每年发病有春季(3-5月)和冬季(10-12月)2个高峰。男女性别比为2.26∶1,职业构成以农民为主(73.1%),年龄组以40~50岁人群发病最多(23.17%)。结论四川省流行性出血热呈散发流行,报告病例多集中在凉山州盐源县,建议在高发地区加强监测,采用疫苗接种、灭鼠、灭螨和环境整理等综合防治措施进行防控。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Sichuan province from 2014 to 2018 and to provide the evidence for prevention and control. Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted by downloading the case-data of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Sichuan province during 2010 to 2018 from the Chinese National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. Results A total of 829 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever were reported from 2010 to 2018, which was including 7 deaths.The average annual incidence rate was 0.20/10~5 and the fatality rate was 0.84%(7/829). The most reported cases was in Yanyuan County of Liangshan Prefecture, which was accounted for 76%(630/829). The two peaks of incidence were observed every year,in spring(from March to May) and winter(from October to December).The male to female ratio was 2.26∶ 1, Most of them were peasants which was accounted for 73.1%. The cases among 40-50 age group was accounted for 23.17% with the highest incident. Conclusion Epidemic hemorrhagic fever was sporadic in Sichuan province and the most cases was reported in Yanyuan county of Liangshan prefecture. It is necessary to monitor and strengthen the measures,such as vaccination,rodent control,mite control and environmental management etc.,so that to prevention and control the occurrence in high risk areas.