2015-2018年重庆市璧山区手足口病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease(HFMD) in Bishan District of Chongqing From 2015 to 2018

目的了解2015-2018年重庆市璧山区手足口病发病情况和流行特点,为该地区手足口病的防控提供科学依据。方法对2015-2018年璧山区手足口病发病率、区域分布、时间分布、性别分布、年龄分布、职业分布和病毒种类等特征进行统计分析。计数资料以百分比(%)表示,率的比较采用χ~2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2015-2018年璧山区累计报告手足口病9 145例,占传染病报告总数的50.89%,重症8例,无死亡病例;按地区分,总发病率前3位依次为璧城街道、青杠街道和璧泉街道,发病高峰主要在每年的5-7月,次高峰为10-11月,以5岁以下的散居儿童为主,1~2岁组发病率明显高于其他组(P<0.05),男女性发病率分别为358.8/10万和277.8/10万。结论璧山区手足口病连年高发,病例主要来源于人口密集场所的散居儿童和托幼儿童,应制定新的防控措施,加大部门、学校、社区、家庭间的协作,提高疫苗接种率,控制手足口病的发生。

Objective To understand the incidence and epidemic characteristics of HFMD from 2015 to 2018 in Bishan District,Chongqing,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control the diseases. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the incidence, the distribution of region, time, sex, age and occupation and the virus type of HFMD in Bishan District of Chongqing from 2015 to 2018. The counting data were expressed as percentage(%),and the rate was compared by chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results From 2015 to 2018,there are 9 145 cases of HFMD were reported,accounting for 50.89% of the total number of infectious diseases. 8 severe cases were found,whereas no fatal cases were reported. As for the region, the Bicheng street, Qinggang street and Biquan street ranked in the first three places. The first peak of HFMD incidence occurred from May to July in each of those years,and the second peak of HFMD incidence appeared from October to November. Most cases aged below 5 years old. The incidence of 1-2-yearold group was significantly higher than that of other groups. The incidence of male and female children was 358.8/10~6 and 358.8/10~6,respectively.Conclusion The annual high incidence of HFMD is high in Bishan District of Chongqing. The cases mainly were scattered children and kindergarten children from crowded places. New prevention and control measures of HFMD should be formulated immediately. The collaboration among departments,schools,communities and families should be increased. The vaccination rate of HFMD should be raised,and the incidence of HFMD should be controlled at a low level.