不同施肥对蔬菜地氮磷垂直淋移影响的研究

Effects of Different Fertilization on Vertical Leaching of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Vegetable Land

采用土柱培养的试验方法,研究了不同用量化肥和有机肥对青紫泥田蔬菜地土壤氮、磷垂直淋移的影响。结果表明:淋出液中氮和磷的浓度及氮、磷的淋失量均随化肥和有机肥用量的增加而增加;在相同氮和磷施用量的条件下,化肥氮素的淋失量高于有机肥,有机肥磷的淋失量高于化肥;无论是有机肥处理还是化肥处理,渗漏液中P浓度明显低于N浓度。从40 cm深土层淋出的N占肥料N的比例:化肥为18.76%~26.66%,有机肥为3.31%~11.01%,并且淋失比例随肥料用量的增加有增加的趋势;从40 cm深土层淋出的P占肥料P的比例:化肥为0.07%~0.13%,有机肥为0.10%~0.17%。化肥处理渗漏液中TP主要为无机态P,后者平均占TP的80%以上;有机肥处理的渗漏液中TP主要为有机态P,无机态P平均约占TP的50%以下。总体上,施用有机肥料的土层氮、磷淋出量低于施用化肥的。

The effects of different amounts of chemical fertilizer and organic manure on the vertical leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetable land of blue clayey paddy soil were studied by soil column culture.The results showed that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in leachate and the leaching amount of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increase of the amount of chemical fertilizer and organic manure.Under the same input amount of nitrogen and phosphorus,the leaching amount of nitrogen of chemical fertilizer was higher than that of organic manure,while the leaching amount of phosphorus of organic manure was higher than that of chemical fertilizer.The concentration of P in leachate was significantly lower than that of N in both organic and chemical fertilizer treatments.The proportion of N leached in the applied fertilizer N from 40 cm depth soil column was 18.76%~26.66%for chemical fertilizer and 3.31%~11.01%for organic manure.The proportion of N leached increased with the increase of fertilizer dosage.The leaching rate of fertilizer P was low.The leaching rate of chemical fertilizer P was 0.07%~0.13%from 40 cm deep soil column,and that of organic manure was 0.10%~0.17%.In the leachate of chemical fertilizer treatment,TP was mainly inorganic P,which accounted for more than 80%of the leached TP on average.On the contrary,in the leachate of organic manure treatment,TP was mainly organic P,and inorganic P accounted for less than 50%of the leached TP on average.In general,the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus leached from organic manure application was lower than that from chemical fertilizer application.