多种VOC共存评估法对饰面刨花板的危害性研究

Research on the Harmfulness of Different Veneer Particleboards Based on Multiple VOC Coexistence Evaluation Method

为减少室内人居环境中多种木质装饰材料和家具释放VOC(挥发性有机化合物)对人类身心造成的危害,有必要建立一种科学合理的危害评估方法,以有效评价人造板等装饰材释放多种VOC共存条件下人类的受害指数。本研究基于危险等级化合物单体的空气浓度、单体职业接触限值和持续暴露时间因子等多种评价指标,建立多种挥发性有机化合物共存时定量风险分析的评估模型,根据相应评价指数(R),评估确定多种VOC共存状态的环境是否符合安全要求。使用中国国家标准GB/T 18883-2002、美国绿色卫士空气质量标准对模型进行验证,发现评价模型具有指导意义。基于该评估模型,对几种不同饰面刨花板在平衡状态下释放VOC的危害性进行评价。研究结果表明:在温度为(23±0.5)℃,相对湿度为(50±5)%,装载率为1.0 m^2/m^3条件下,根据评估模型,得到PVC饰面刨花板、三聚氰胺饰面刨花板、水性漆饰面刨花板、刨花板素板的R分别为0.78、0.53、1.01、0.83。三聚氰胺饰面刨花板具有最优的环保性能,其次是PVC饰面刨花板,水性漆饰面刨花板的R超过接触限值,不符合卫生要求。

To reduce the impact of the VOC(Volatile Organic Compounds) emission from a variety of wood decorative materials and furniture on human physiological and psychological health, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable hazard assessment method to get the hazard index of human beings under the coexistence of various VOC. Based on several evaluation indicators such as air concentration of hazardous grade compound monomers, minimum occupational exposure limit assessment value for individuals and persistent exposure time factor, the quantitative risk assessment model for the coexistence of multiple volatile organic compounds was established for the first time. According the value of R(Evaluation Index), assessed whether the environment with multiple VOC coexistence states met the safety requirements. It proved that the evaluation model had correct guiding significance through the verification of Chinese national standard GB/T 18883-2002 and American Green Guard Air Quality Standard. Based on the evaluation model, the harm of VOC released from several kinds of particleboards in equilibrium state was evaluated. The results showed that: at(23±0.5)℃, relative humidity(50±5)% and loading rate 1.0 m^2/m^3, According to the evaluation model, the R values of PVC laminated particleboard, melamine laminated particleboard, water-based painting particleboard and uncontrolled particleboard were 0.78, 0.53, 1.01 and 0.83, respectively. melamine laminated particleboard had the best environmental performance, followed by polyvinyl chloride(PVC) laminated particleboard, the R value of water-based painting particleboard exceeded the contact limit, which did not meet the requirements of hygiene.