吉林省林区瞭望台配置与林地可视性分析

Analysis of Configuration and Forest Visibility of Lookout Towers in Jilin Province

为了给吉林省瞭望台管理优化提供科学参考以及为其他省份的监测型防火资源配置提供借鉴,基于吉林省林区现有瞭望台统计数据及地理信息数据,利用ArcGIS技术和统计分析软件,对吉林省现有瞭望台的基础设施配备与林地可视性进行分析。结果表明:吉林省现有瞭望台分布不均,主要集中分布在中、东部林区,构成了比较完整的森林火情监测网络,对连年无重大森林火灾起到了重大作用;大部分瞭望台建成时间较早,几乎全部瞭望台为永久性的砖石或金属结构;仅少数瞭望台安装有中继台,逾半数瞭望台配有供电设备,其中多数使用太阳能供电,少数使用220 V交流电;全省瞭望可见率达63.61%,高于全国平均水平;不同区域林地可视性存在差异,吉林市和延边朝鲜族自治州林地可视性优于其他地区;重点森林火险区平均瞭望可见率为56.55%,非重点森林火险区瞭望可见率仅为15.01%。综上所述,吉林省林地可视域中东部密集,西北部稀疏,与瞭望台分布情况相对应;重点森林火险区林地可视性明显优于非重点森林火险区。建议加强对非重点森林火险区瞭望台监测网点建设,根据目前林地监测盲区因地制宜地增设瞭望台。

In order to provide scientific reference for the optimization of lookout towers in Jilin Province and guidance for monitoring forest fire prevention resources in other provinces, based on existing statistical and geographical data of lookout towers in Jilin Province, by using the ArcGIS and statistical analysis software, the configuration and forest visibility of existing lookout towers was analyzed. The results indicated that, the existing lookout towers in Jilin were unevenly distributed, mainly concentrated in the central and eastern forest region and constituted a relatively complete network of forest fire monitoring, which has played a major role to ensure that no major forest fires in successive years. Most lookout towers were built in earlier time, and almost all were permanent brick or metal structure. Only a few lookout towers installed relay stations, more than half equipped with power supply, and most of them used solar power, a few used 220 V AC. Jilin Province’s visible rate reached 63.61%, higher than the national average. The forest visibilities in different geographic regions were varying, Jilin and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture’s forest visibility were better than other areas. The average visible rate in key forest fire risk zones was 56.55%, while the visible rate in non-key forest fire risk zone was only 15.01%. In conclusion, the forest visibility corresponded to the distribution of lookout towers, so that viewsheds in the middle and eastern areas were dense and in the northwest they were sparse. The forest visibility in the key forest fire risk zones was significantly higher than that of the non-key forest fire risk zones. To strengthen the network within non-key forest fire risk zones, increase the density of lookout towers according to the current forested land being monitored and non-visible areas.