生成语法框架下“在”的语类特征研究

An Analysis of Typological Properties of “Zai(在)”in Mandarin Chinese: A Generative Grammar Approach

生成语法框架下,可将现代汉语普通话中的"在"分为多种句法范畴进行讨论,不同句法范畴下的"在"表现出不同的句法、语义特征,并占据不同的句法位置。在句法制图理论背景下,"在"按层级序列由低到高可分别实现为主动词、轻动词和体标记等多个句法范畴。层级越高的句法范畴,相应的语法化程度越高,语义虚化程度也越高。此外,现代汉语中的"来"也有近似于"在"的语法化发展历程。

This paper, adopting a Generative Grammar approach, focuses mainly on the modern Chinese word "zai(在)", with its syntactic categories and semantic properties being addressed. "zai(在)" is available for various syntactic categories, with each behaving distinctively egarding syntactic properties and occupying different syntactic positions. Different categories of "zai( 在 )"mentioned in this paper take a hierarchically sequential order, namely main verb, light verb and aspectual marker, from low to high. The higher zai’s syntactic position is, the deeper its degree of grammaticalization as well as its semantic bleaching will be.