状态补语“V得A”浅析

A Study on“V+De(得)+A”in State Complements

性质形容词作状态补语是汉语中较为常见的情况。从语义功能上看,状态补语"V得A"具备"断言"的语义功能,"V得很A"具备"描写"的语义功能,但二者并非完全对立。利用助词"的"前的定语位,对状态补语的断言性、描写性进行考察,认为状态补语的语义功能由补语中性质形容词的典型性强弱决定。从状态补语中"得"的形成机制来看,状态补语"A"应是宾语的后置谓词性成分。因此,与"V得很A"相比,单独的性质形容词作状态补语具有表示比较的语用功能。

Qualitative adjectives are usually used in state complements. "V+de(得)+A" has the semantical function of definition, while "V+de( 得 )+hen( 很 )+A" semantically means description. Semantical function of state complements is decided by the typical degree of qualitative adjectives. The source of "de(得)" proves that qualitative adjectivesin state complements shouldbe the predicate in a sentence. Compared with"V+ de(得)+hen(很)+A","V+de(得)+A"has the comparative function.