从意义赋予到意义构建:刺激唤醒法与博物馆观众的情景体验

From sense-giving to sense-making:The REMIND method and museum visitor situational experience

博物馆作为推动意义制造的特殊场所,其空间、主题、展品、阐释文本等为观众提供了获取意义的凭借。博物馆通过这些中介发挥主导作用,影响着观众的意义构建过程,即"意义赋予"。然而,每个人都有着独特的、不断变化的意义构建模式,对观众进行外部观察并不足以让研究者洞悉观众体验及意义构建的动态过程。刺激唤醒法聚焦观众"在原地"的情绪反应,关注观众从不同信息中构建意义的不同策略,凸显了"干扰因素"的存在及意义构建过程与幸福感的相关性。基于此,博物馆和展览的设计应当重视建立必要的结构,鼓励参与式意义构建过程;增加创造幸福感的因素,减少妨碍积极的意义构建的负面因素。

As a special place that stimulates the production of meaning,the museum provides space,different themes,works and explicative"texts"for visitors to make sense.Through these mediation devices,the museum plays a leading role in influencing visitors'sense-making process,which is called sense-giving.However,each person has a unique and changing configuration of sense-making modes and externally observing visitors is not enough to identify with precision the dynamics of visitors.lived experience and sense-making processes.The REMIND method focuses on visitors'emotions in situ,pays attention to the different strategies visitors use to create meaning from different messages,highlights the presence of "irritants"and the link between well-being and meaning-making.Therefore,in designing museums and exhibitions,it is recommended that museum professionals should take these factors into account:the importance of setting up structures to encourage participatory sense-making processes;the necessity of examining elements that create well-being or reducing elements that impede a positive meaning-making experience.