国际比较视野下中国博物馆观众研究的若干问题——基于文献分析与实证调研的三角互证

Current Visitor Studies of Chinese Museum Examined in an International Comparative Perspective:Based on the Triangulation of Literature Analysis and Empirical Research

根据博物馆的外部变化和内在需求,为公众提供"精准"服务,在博物馆与公众"主从关系"变革的时代显得尤其重要,开展观众研究势在必行。然而该项工作如何在我国有效推进,其研究起点究竟在哪里,则成为一个更具难度的现实问题。为此可一方面借由重要文献的爬梳,在纵横双重视域下构建起国际观众研究的基本框架;一方面通过对各级博物馆的实证调研,考察我国既有起点及其优劣势。我国的研究由于对观众研究的理解和重视程度不够、业务部门间尚未达成共识、研究专业性亟待提升、业务能力未达到评估基准、馆内外合作机制尚未有效构建等原因形成一些困境。我们可从顶层设计角度重视观众研究、提高研究专业化水平、探索馆内外合作机制、优先开展前置性和形成性评估等举措来解决问题。

In the era when the host—guest relationship between the museum and the public is transforming,it is particularly important for the museum to provide tailored services to the public,based on the external changes and its internal needs,as well as conduct visitor services correspondingly.How this work will be effectively implemented in China and what is the starting point of this research,however,are questions remaining to be answered.The authors build up a basic framework of international visitor studies from both vertical and horizontal perspectives by reviewing important literatures,and at the same time conduct empirical research on museums at all levels to examine the existing starting points and advantages and disadvantages of museum visitor studies in China.Museum visitor studies in China is being challenged by the insufficient understanding and attention paid to it,the lack of consensus among business departments,the short of research expertise,and the failure to form a cooperative scheme between museums and other social bodies.Proposed solutions include to value visitor studies in top-level decision making,to improve the professionalism among researchers,to explore the cooperative mechanism between museums and other social bodies,and to conduct pre—formative and formative evaluations.