鼻拭子与咽拭子两种取样方法在新型冠状病毒肺炎核酸筛检中的比较研究

A comparative study of nasal and pharyngeal swabs in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)病毒核酸检测中相对方便安全及敏感度高的方法。方法对武汉市红十字会医院100例新冠肺炎病例同时留取咽拭子和鼻拭子。比较两种方法取样后样本核酸检测的阳性率。结果咽拭子取样标本SARS-CoV-2病毒核酸阳性检出率为54%,而鼻拭子取样标本的病毒核酸阳性率为89%。鼻拭子标本的病毒核酸阳性率高于咽拭子采样标本,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.850 4,P=0.049 7)。结论新冠肺炎患者取鼻拭子进行核酸检测的阳性检出率具有明显优势。临床应尽可能使用鼻拭子而非咽拭子作为新冠肺炎患者的优选筛检方式。

Objective To investigate a more convenient and safe sampling method for viral nucleic acid detection of coronavirus disease 2019. Methods An oropharyngeal swab and nasopharyngeal swab were simultaneously taken from 100 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in a hospital in Wuhan. Then the efficacies of two sampling methods were compared on the positive rates of viral nucleic acid detection. Results The positive rate for SARS-CoV-2 was 54%in oropharyngeal swabs, while 89% positive in nasopharyngeal swabs. There was a significant difference in the detection rate between oropharyngeal swab and nasopharyngeal swab(χ2=3.850 4, P=0.049 7). Conclusions The positive rate for nucleic acid testing from nasopharyngeal swabs are significantly better than that from oropharyngeal swabs. Therefore,sampling by nasopharyngeal swabs, rather than oropharyngeal swabs, should be chosen as the preferred virological screening method for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.