成都地区14岁以上人群哮喘患病率及相关危险因素的流行病学调查

Prevalence and risk factors of asthma in Chengdu among adolescents aged over 14 years and adults

目的了解成都地区14岁以上人群哮喘的患病率和相关危险因素,为哮喘的防治提供理论依据。方法采用多级随机整体抽样的横断面调查,用《全国哮喘患病情况及相关危险因素流行病学调查表》对成都市14岁以上的常住居民进行入户问卷调查。使用单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选哮喘发病的相关危险因素。结果本研究中入户调查总人数为3 477人,哮喘患者131例,患病率为3.8%。不同年龄、不同居住地、不同职业和不同受教育程度人群之间哮喘患病率具有统计学差异(χ~2=191.084,P<0.05;χ~2=9.114,P<0.05;χ~2=114.268,P<0.05;χ~2=62.123,P<0.05)。儿童期疾病有5个是影响哮喘患病的危险因素,分别为麻疹、水痘、肺炎、气管/支气管炎和肠道寄生虫病(均P<0.05);直系亲属所患疾病有2个是影响哮喘患病的危险因素,分别为哮喘和慢性支气管炎(均P<0.05);另外,在男性人群中,主动吸烟史也是哮喘患病的危险因素(P<0.05)。其中,儿童时期罹患麻疹、肺炎、气管/支气管炎和肠道寄生虫病,以及直系亲属患哮喘为哮喘患病的独立危险因素。结论本研究结果显示成都地区14岁以上人群哮喘患病率为3.8%,初步获得成都地区14岁以上人群哮喘发病的流行病学特征。哮喘患病的独立危险因素为儿童时期罹患麻疹、肺炎、气管/支气管炎和肠道寄生虫病,以及直系亲属患哮喘。另外,主动吸烟史在男性人群中也是哮喘患病的危险因素。

Objective In order to improve the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma, the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in Chengdu among residents over 14 years old were investigated. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chengdu. The inhabitants(age > 14 years) recruited in this household questionnaire survey were through multi-stage cluster random sampling. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of asthma. Results A total of 3 477 subjects were finally recruited in this study. Of them, 131 were asthmatic patients;and the prevalence rate was 3.8%. There were significant differences observed in the prevalence of asthma among people of different ages, residences, occupations and educational levels(χ~2=191.084, P<0.05;χ~2=9.114, P<0.05;χ~2=114.268,P<0.05;χ~2=62.123, P<0.05). Univariate regression analysis showed that the risk factors of asthma included five factors(measles, chickenpox, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis and intestinal parasitic diseases) related to childhood illness, and two factors(asthma and chronic bronchitis) related to the first-degree relatives(P<0.05). In addition, active smoking history was a risk factor for asthma in men(P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that measles, pneumonia,tracheobronchitis, intestinal parasitic diseases in childhood and first-degree relatives suffering from asthma were independent risk factors for asthma. Conclusions This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of asthma in Chengdu among adolescents(age>14 years) and adults. The history of measles, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, and intestinal parasitic diseases in childhood, and first-degree relatives suffering from asthma are the independent risk factors for asthma. In addition, active smoking history is a risk factor for asthma in men.