“教授治校”之困:北洋政府时期大学评议会的教育立法嬗变及其制度局限

The Dilemma of“Professor Management”System:the Evolution of Educational Legislation and the Institutional Limitations of University Senate during the Beiyang Government Era

北洋政府时期,作为民国时期教授治校制度保障的大学评议会制度历经三次教育立法嬗变:1912年,《大学令》公布,标志着大学评议会制度的立法确立,评议会成为大学最高权力机构;1917年,《修正大学令》颁布,教授会废止,原教授会之部分职权划归至评议会,评议会职权得以进一步扩大;1924年,《国立大学校条例》颁布,教授会恢复,新增董事会,评议会最高权力机构的地位遭到了董事会的挑战。然而,大学评议会三次立法演变的背后,是教授治校的终极诉求以及政府教育立法制度局限下教授治校的实现之困。

During the Beiyang Government era,the University Senate system,as a guarantee of the Professor Management system of the Republican period,has undergone three evolutions in educational legislation.In 1912,the promulgation of“University Order”marked the legislative establishment of the university Senate system,and the Senate became the highest authority of the university.In 1917,with the promulgation of“Amendment of University Order”,the Professorship was abolished,and part of the power of the former Professorship was transferred to the Senate,thus the power of the Senate further expanded.In 1924,with the promulgation of“National University Regulations”,the Professorship was restored and a new Board of Directors was added,and the status of the Senate as the highest authority was challenged by the Board.Behind the three legislative evolutions of the University Senate,however,lies the ultimate pursuit of the Professor Management system,and the dilemma of its realization under the constraints of the government’s educational legislation system.