女性地位、生育经历与生育意愿——聚焦少数民族省区育龄妇女的分析

Female Status,Fertility Experience and Fertility Desire:An Analysis of the Women of Childbearing Age in Ethnic Minority Provinces of China

基于2017年全国生育状况抽样调查数据,实证研究少数民族省区女性地位、生育经历对育龄妇女生育意愿的影响。其中,女性地位主要指经济地位,由育龄妇女收入占家庭收入比重表征;生育经历分为子辈和父辈经历,由育龄妇女曾经生育孩子数量和育龄妇女兄弟姐妹数量表征。研究表明:少数民族省区育龄妇女地位、自身生育经历与其生育意愿负相关,父辈生育经历与之正相关,影响因素具有明显的经济和代际特征。少数民族省区保持育龄妇女适度生育意愿,需要继续加强制度和实践保障,通过教育和职业技能支持提升女性经济地位,关注生育经历体验和代际传递效应,以及深入推进精准脱贫行动。

Based on the data of 2017 China Fertility Survey,this paper empirically studies the impacts of female status and fertility experience on the fertility desire of women of childbearing age in ethnic minority provinces of China.Here,female status mainly refers to the female economic status,which is characterized by the proportion of the income of women of childbearing age in the total family income;fertility experience can be divided into the experience of the parents and that of the children,which finds expression in the number of children ever born by the women involved and their siblings.The study has shown that the female status and the fertility experience are negatively related to their fertility desire,and parental experience is positively related.The factors have obvious economic and intergenerational characteristics.In order to maintain the appropriate fertility desire of women of childbearing age in ethnic minority provinces,it is necessary to strengthen institutional and practical guarantees,improve their economic status through education and vocational training,pay attention to their fertility experience and the effects of intergenerational transmission,and promote targeted poverty alleviation.