新中国成立以来城市民族构成变化及影响因素研究

RESEARCH ON THE CHANGES OF ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF CHINESE CITIES AND THE INFLUENCING FACTORS SINCE THE FOUNDING OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

本文基于1953-2010年五次全国人口普查分县数据及2015年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,采用多样性指数和首位度指标等指标,研究中国城市民族构成变化及影响因素,结果表明:少数民族人口占城市人口比重持续增长;“西部城市、小型城市、自治区域内城市”的少数民族人口比重显著高于其他城市;不同城市群的少数民族人口占比和多样性指数差异较大;少数民族人口占比和民族构成首位度“双高型”城市主要分布在新疆、西藏和广西;城市民族多样性主要受城市人均GDP、城市服务业水平及城市总人口数量三个因素的共同影响,城市人口规模越大,人均GDP越高,服务业水平越强,则城市民族多样性越高。

Based on the data of the five national censuses by county from 1953 to 2010 and the data of the 1%national sample survey in 2015,using indicators such as diversity index and top-ranking index to study the changes and influencing factors of ethnic groups in Chinese cities,the results show that:The proportion of ethnic minorities in the urban population continues to in crease;the proportion of ethnic minorities in“western cities,small cities,and cities in autonomous regions”is significantly higher than in other cities;the proportion of ethnic minorities in different urban agglomerations and the diversity index are quite different;The“double-high”cities with the highest proportions and ethnic composition are mainly distributed in Xinjiang,Tibet,and Guangxi;urban ethnic diversity is mainly affected by three factors as urban per capita GDP,urban service industry level,and total urban population.The larger of the scale,the higher the per capita GDP and the stronger the level of the service industry,the higher the urban ethnic diversity.